STD Flashcards
Reportable disease means what
required by statute to be reported to public health authorities
most STDs are reportable
Local health departments do what
local tracing once something has been reported
Sexually transmitted vs. transmissible
transmitted = it has been transmitted transmissible = it is transmissible (can be transmitted)
STD vs. STI
STD = symptomatic STI = asymptomatic
Features of STDs
Diverse biological types Can be bacterial or viral Most bacteria are hard to culture Humans = natural host Few STDs are vaccine prevented Antimicrobial resistant!
Important characteristics of STDs
production of ulcers of the genital tract epithelium
increased HIV risk
Bacterial STDs - major bacteria
chlamydia trachomatis
neisseria gonorrhoreae
treponema pallidum
Chlamydia
most prevalent in US
Damage to women reproductive organs - salpingitis (infertility), blindness of child
Chlamydia enters host how
through minor abrasions in mucosal surface
drug needs to be able to get into the affected cell (need to get through the membrane)
Chlamydia - description
Energy parasite - takes up a lot of energy
Various infections - genital, eye, lymph node
Chlamydia - treatment
Sensitive only to antibiotics that enter the infected cells!
Clinical syndromes and complications caused by chlamydia - men
Urethritis, epididymitis, proctitis, conjunctivitis
systemic spread, Reiters
Clinical syndromes and complications caused by chlamydia - women
Urethritis, cervicitis, bartholinitis, salpingitis, conjunctivitis
Ectopic pregnancy, infertility!!, systemic spread, perihepatitis arthritis dermatitis
Clinical syndromes and complications caused by chlamydia - neonates
conjunctivitis
interstitial pneumonitis
Chlamydia treatment
Cell wall inhibiting antibiotics are NOT useful - antimicrobial agent has to penetrate inside the tissue to be effective!
Doxycycline, azithromycin
Tetracycline - but be careful of teeth stain (not in pregnant or children)
Alternative therapy can be quinolones
Gonorrhea (the clap) is what
A sexually transmitted non ulcerative inflammatory disease of mucosal epithelium (genitals, eyes, mouth, rectum, urethra)
Gonorrhea is caused by what organism
gram negative diplococcus (gonoccocus)
Gonorrhea can disseminate to form what
skin lesions and arthritis
Gonorrhea - sequelae includes what
dissemination to upper reproductive tract in F- salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, peritonitis
Epididytimis in M
Neonates born via birth canal may develop blinding conjunctivitis
Pathogenesis with gonorrhea - tranmission
Direct mucosal contact
Primary infection sites - female cervical epithelium, male urethra, oro pharynx, rectum
Secondary - autoinoculation of eyes with fingers
Infection of infant conjunctiva during vaginal delivery
Pathogenesis with gonorrhea - Dissemination
1% cases spread to blood stream
Can lead to arthralgia, septic arthritis is most common
Skin rash on trunk, arms, palms, and soles
Pathogenesis with gonorrhea - what type of transmission is most effective
male to female
Pathogenesis with gonorrhea - female vs. male
female infection more likely to be asymptomatic compared to males
Gonorrhea - features in male
Urethritis - usually painful with pus present
Dysuria and frequent micturation
Infection can inclue epididymitis with scrotal swelling
Sympt 2-5 days after infection but can take as long as 30 days
