Virus 1 Flashcards

Question

Antiviral drugs

Answer 1

More antibiotics for bacterial infections than viral Viral is a lot more of preventative drugs Antivirals tend to be more selective than broad acting antibiotics - antivirals tend to target only a select group or a specific virus

Answer 2

Viral replication in epidermis - HPV, HSV, smallpox | Secondary effect of virus replication elsewhere in body - measles, rubella

Answer 3

Primary infection - mucosal contact, breaks in skin Secondary - viremia (it infects skin following replication) !Rash may develop as a result of immune response!

Answer 4

``` Chicken pox Measles Rubella Roseola infantum (HHV 6,7) Fifth disease (parvovirus B19) ```

Answer 5

Large enveloped viruses | Have the ability to enter a latent phase following primary infection, with potential for later reactivation

Answer 6

Fever blisters, ocular lesions, CNS infections Think above the waist 1/3 children seropositive by age 5 2/3 adults by age 30

Answer 7

genital and anal lesions, neonatal infections, CNS infections Think below the waist seroprevalence 15-20%

Answer 8

direct contact with virus containing secretions 1 = kissing, sharing saliva 2 = sexual contact, infected mother to child with birth

Answer 9

Following inoculation, virus enters and replicates within epithelial cells at site of inoculation Infection can be asymptomatic or result in lesion Life long latent infection is typically established in the regional ganglion

Answer 10

environmental - UV light, fever, stress, trauma

Answer 11

cold sore/fever blister

Answer 12

if primary infection occurs in adulthood, usually asymptomatic Adults sometimes will develop lesions on the pharynx and tonsils

Answer 13

thought to vary from 2 to 12 days clincial disease resolves in 5-10 days Viral shedding may occur for weeks

Answer 14

a prodrome of pain, burning, tingling, or itching that generally lasts for 6 hours and is followed by vesicle eruption

Answer 15

3 to 4 days

Answer 16

HSV infection of the fingers and nails, following inoculation of secretions into small cuts Usually occurs in children, individuals with genital herpes, and physicians, dentists and healthcare providers who treat herpes patients

Answer 17

An infection of the body (skin) - Most commonly observed in wrestlers and rugby players

Answer 18

1 -Can be confirmed by sampling material at the base of a lesion (Tzanck smear) And demonstrating the presence of multinucleated giantt cells or Cowdry type A inclusions 2 -cultivation of the virus in tissue culture and observation of characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) 3 -PCR techniques

Answer 19

Acyclovir and related compounds Modest benefit in tx of herpes labialis - can do proph Topical therapy of eye infections with acyclocir

Answer 20

restricted from contact with patients until lesions are healed

Answer 21

should be counseled to cover their lesions and not touch lesions with their hands Case by case analysis for those with orofacial and deciding their exposure to high risk patients that are immuno compromised

Answer 22

Varicella zoster virus causes two diseases Varicella (chicken pox) Zoster (shingles)

Answer 23

Chicken pox develops after primary infection | Shingles results from reactivation of latent virus

Answer 24

respiratory droplets | Extremely contagious!

Answer 25

virus can be isolated from skin lesions but is difficult to isolate from resp tract VZV can be transmitted to others for 1-3 days prior to the onset of the rash

Answer 26

Virus becomes latent in sensory ganglia (usually trigeminal and dorsal root ganglion) Lesions have characteristic dermatomal clustering With reactivation, virus replicates and is released along neuronal pathway

Answer 27

No evidence of prodrome in children, adults may experience 1/2 days of malaise and fever Fever and rash appear simultaneously on trunk and head rather than extremetites Lesions appear in crops Within 12-24 hrs will crust and scab over

Answer 28

lesions occur unilaterally along dermatome supplied b y adorsal route or CN sensory ganglion Severe pain typically precedes the eruption Postherpetic neuralgia may persist

Answer 29

Several compounds including acyclovair can work if administered within 24 hrs of onset - reduce number of lesions and duration of fever (not usually used in kids)

Answer 30

live attenuated vaccine | given to children at 12-18 months of age and is also recommended in adults over 60

Answer 31

be excluded from work until all lesions have crusted over and dried exclude from duty personnel who have been exposed to it and are not known to be immune

Answer 32

10 th day after first exposure to the 21st day after last exposure