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Yr2: Reproduction > stem cells and applications > Flashcards

stem cells and applications Flashcards

1
Q

stem cells

what are stem cells

think undifferentiated and what ability they have

A
  • undifferentiated mass of cells that have the ability to continuously divide and differentiate into various cell types
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2
Q

features of stem cells

What are 3 features of stem cells?

think dividing, specialization and commitment

A
  • capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods
  • unspecialized so can give rise to specialized cell types
  • uncommitted to a cell type until it receives a signal to develop into a specialized cell
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3
Q

classification of stem cells

What are the 2 ways we can classify stem cells via source of origin

A
  • embryonic
  • adult
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4
Q

classification of stem cells

What are the 4 ways we can classify stem cells via difference in action potential

A
  • totipotent
  • pluripotent
  • multipotent
  • unipotent
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5
Q

the potency of the stem cells

Define totipotent cells

A

ability to differentiate into all cell types ever

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6
Q

the potency of the stem cell

Define pluripotent cells

think placenta

A

can differentiate into any tissue type except placental tissue

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7
Q

the potency of the stem cell

define multipotent cells

think close relations

A

can differentiate into multiple specialized cells of a closely related family of cells eg: haematopoetic stem cells

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8
Q

the potency of the stem cells

Define unipotent cells

think renewal

A

cells can only produce one cell type but have the property of self renewal (this distinguishes them from the non stem cells)

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9
Q

embryonic stem cells

when are embryonic stem cells found and where are they taken from

think blast

A
  • early stage embryo
  • take from inside the blastocyst
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10
Q

embryonic stem cells

what components make up the blastocyst and where are embryonic stem (ES) cells found inside the blastocyst

A
  • ES cells are found in the inner cell mass

Made up of:

  • outer layer of cells
  • fluid-filled space
  • inner cell mass
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11
Q

isolation of human embryonic stem cells

Outline how human embryonic stem cells are grown and harvested in cell culture and how they can be differentiated to other cells

A
  1. human embryonic stem cells isolated by transferring inner cell mass to plastic culture dish containing culture medium
  2. cells gently removed and plated into fresh culture dishes and this is repeated for many months
  3. stem cells then stimulated with specific stimulant to differentiate into a specific cell type
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12
Q

advantages of embryonic stem cell

what are 3 advantages of embryonic stem cells and briefly outline each

A
  1. flexible –> have potential to make any cell
  2. immortal –> 1 embryonic stem cell can provide endless supply of specialized cells
  3. availability –> readily available embryos from IVF clinics
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13
Q

disadvantages of embryonic stem cells

What are 3 disadvantages of embryonic stem cells and breifly outline them?

A
  1. Destruction of developing human life
  2. Immunogenic -> embryonic stem cells from random embryo donor are likely to be rejected after transplantation
  3. Tumorigenic -> capable of forming tumors/ promoting tumor formation
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14
Q

somatic (adult) stem cells

which 2 places are adult stem cells found

A
  • human body
  • umbilical cord blood
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15
Q

somatic (adult) stem cells

Why are adult stem cells more specialized than embryonic stem cells

A
  • because they are assigned to a specific cell family
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16
Q

somatic stem cells

What is the primary role of adult stem cells

A
  • to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found
17
Q

advantages of adult stem cell

What are 6 advantages of adult stem cells

think flexibility, specialization, immunology, harvestablility, tumours and harm to the donor

A
  • Flexible
  • Somewhat specialized
  • Not immunogenic
  • Relative ease of procurement
  • Non-tumorigenic
  • No harm done to the donor
18
Q

disadvantages of adult stem cells

What are 3 disadvantages of adult stem cells

think quantity, how long they live and flexibility

A
  1. Limited quantity
  2. Finite
  3. Less flexible

Yr2: Reproduction (24 decks)

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