Stereotypes 3 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is Stereotype Threat?
Performance decrements/fear experienced by a person when they feel they may act in a way that confirms Sts
Why might STs cause personal self-fulfilling prophecies?
We perform more poorly because of our knowledge about the ST
What are the three pieces of evidence in support of Stereotype Threat?
1) Black v White on intellectual test
2) Women v men on maths test
3) IAT
What did Steele and Aronson find in their study of race and stereotype threat?
Black pps performed worse than white when refs made towards race/ability
Equal performance when no reference made
What did Spencer, Steele & Quinn find in their study of gender and stereotype threat?
Women - worse performance on maths test when told it reveals gender diffs
What does IAT stand for?
Implicit Association Test
What is the IAT commonly used to measure?
Racial attitudes
What are two negative things Stereotype Threat can lead to?
1) Impairment in cognitive processing
2) Stress/affective responses
What are two real-world areas known to be affected by ST threat?
1) Stem
2) Academia
What are three ways ST threat could be reduced?
a) affirming + characteristics about group
b) removal of ST cues
c) acknowledgement that ST threat exists/influence performance
Miyake found that men ______ compared to women in STEM test scores
Outperformed
How did Miyake find ST threat could be alleviated in STEM test scores?
Values affirmation
What did Miyake’s (core reading) study test?
Effectiveness of psychological intervention (values affirmation) in reducing gender achievement gap
Do White American psychology undergrads experience stereotype threat in relation to concern about appearing racist?
(Higher IAT = greater pro-white bias)
Explicit threat - highest IAT
No threat - lowest IAT
Other than performance, what other effects does stereotype threat have?
Withdrawal from the stereotyped domain
In one experiment women were exposed to gender stereotypic TV ads. What was the outcome?
Reported less interest in pursuing quantitative skills careers after exposure
Does stereotype threat reduce women’s ability to learn mathematical concepts and rules?
Yes - females under ST threat showed attenuated learning of maths rules
What are two types of interventions used to reduce stereotype threat? (R&R)
Reframing and reappraisal
Stereotype threat effects are reduced when anxiety is presented as …….. rather than harmful to performance
Helpful
Two techniques used to reduce stereotype threat
1) R & R
2) De-emphasis of threatened social domain
How can a threatened social domain be de-emphasised?
Ppts given opportunity to list +/- attributes descriptive of their personal rather than social identity
Why will ST threat lead to cognitive impairment?
Attempts to suppress ST’s
Increased vigilance towards surroundings
