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Social Psychology > View of self and others > Flashcards

View of self and others Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What are internal working models?

A

Templates based on a history of experiences

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2
Q

What are schemas?

A

A cognitive framework which organises categories of information

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3
Q

Attachment security is ______ associated with self esteem, and ____________ associated with anxiety (Mikulincer & Shaver)

A

Positive

Negative

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4
Q

What did Rosenberg find, regarding associations with attachment anxiety and self esteem?

A

A negative correlation in 49 countries

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5
Q

What is defensive self-enhancement?

A

The act of an individual making them feel good about themselves

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6
Q

Which attachment style is MOST likely to engage in defensive self enhancement?

A

Avoidant

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7
Q

What is defensive self enhancement associated with?

A

Poor self clarity =
Inflated positive self views
Suppression of negative info about selves

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8
Q

When are avoidant individuals most likely to partake in defensive self enhancement?

A

When they are under threat (Mikulincer)

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9
Q

What did Mikulincer find to serve as threat for avoidant individuals?

A

A cognitive task with pretend feedback

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10
Q

What kind of traits do avoidant individuals endorse about themselves?

A

More positive traits
Less negative traits
(After feedback (Mikulincer))

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11
Q

What kind of traits do anxious individuals endorse about themselves?

A

More negative traits after failure

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12
Q

What kind of traits do secure individuals endorse about themselves?

A

More Pos/Neg overall

No difference before/after failure

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13
Q

What is a bogus pipeline condition?

A

A fake polygraph test

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14
Q

What effect does the bogus pipeline condition have?

A

Gets pps to truthfully respond

Wipes out social desirability bias

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15
Q

What effect did a bogus pipeline condition have on avoidant individuals?

A

WIPED OUT overly positive trait responses

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16
Q

What does the bogus pipeline condition suggest about avoidant individuals?

A

Pretend to have high SE

Simply masking negative self views

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17
Q

Anxious individuals feel they have _____ control over their lives, whereas avoidant individuals feel they have ______ control over their lives

A

Little

Complete

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18
Q

In face perception studies, what was found regarding anxious individuals?

A

Fewer + traits seen in faces

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19
Q

In face perception studies, what was found regarding avoidant individuals?

A

More negative traits, i.e. unfriendly/unattractive

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20
Q

Which attachment style is the most altruistic?

A

Secure

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21
Q

In Collins & Feeney’s experiment, what kind of notes did the non speech-making partner copy out for their partner?

A

Either

a) clearly supportive
b) ambiguously supportive

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22
Q

What were insecure individuals likely to rate ambiguous notes as, in Collins & Feeneys experiment?

A

Less supportive
Rated their partners behaviour as less supportive overall
More upsetting

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23
Q

In Collins and Feeneys notes study, how were secure people likely to react?

A

Not vulnerable to less supportive notes

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24
Q

Baldwin et al. examined beliefs about partner supportiveness, using a lexical-decision taks/RT task…

Study These Flashcards
A

Sentence with either attachment or non attachment context

Target string of letters depicted +/-/neutral partner behaviour words

25
What were the findings from Baldwin's lexical decision task?
SECURE ppts had shorter RTs to + words | INSECURE ppts had FASTER RTs to - words
26
What do the findings from Baldwin's lexical decision task demonstrate?
Secure individuals have ready mental access to positive expectations
27
What are two styles/behaviours that explain sustaining self-related vulnerabilities?
a) Hopeless cognitive style | b) Patterns of feedback seeking
28
What 5 things does the Hopeless Cognitive Style reinforce? S, H, P, H, P
a) Self blame b) Hopelessness c) Passivity d) Helplessness e) Perceived lack of abilities needed to alter unpleasant experiences
29
What is the Hopeless Cognitive Style a major risk factor for?
Depression | Interpersonal problems/failures
30
Which attachment style is the Hopeless Cognitive Style majorly associated with?
Anxious
31
What is the Self-Verification Hypothesis?
Individuals seek information that confirms an existing self concept
32
How are self-related vulnerabilities sustained?
Self verification hypothesis
33
Why might insecurely attached individuals prefer negative feedback from their partners (asked to imagine)?
Confirms negative views of self
34
Brennan and Morris asked pps to imagine their romantic partner...
Being asked questions about them
35
What does a dichotomy mean?
Two
36
What are the four categories in Bartholomew & Horowitz's model?
+ view of self - view of self + view of others - view of others
37
Why is Bartholomew and Horowitz's model overly simplistic?
It is possible to have mixed views of self and other
38
Define the 2 sustaining self-related vulnerabilities that perpetuate unhelpful thinking in insecure attachment styles?
1) Hopeless Cognitive Style | 2) Patterns of feedback seeking
39
Avoidant individuals _____ ____ ______ in response to threat
Defensively self enhance
40
What are avoidant people LESS LIKELY TO BELIEVE about other people?
That human beings are altruistic
41
The Hopeless Cognitive style is defined as a self _____ ________ style.
Self defeating attributional style
42
Anxious pps endorse more negative traits after feedback than after no feedback, and recall more negative traits overall. This shows...
Self defeatism | Helplessness
43
Avoidant ppts endorse more POSITIVE traits after failure than after no feedback. This shows...
Self reliance
44
The aim of Mukulincer's study (false feedback task) was to establish whether...
Defensive self enhancement increases under threat
45
Pietromonaco & Barrett found that anxious individuals daily self worthiness ratings were negative after ______ ______
Everyday interactions
46
What tells us about a childs attachment pattern in Ainsworth's strange situation?
How the child behaves upon reunion
47
What underpins an individuals attachment style?
Internal working model
48
____________________ indicates that a person has been forced ... to cope with life’s difficulties without adequate mental representations of attachment security, and ... [they] struggle to maintain a sense of self- worth ...
Defensive self enhancement
49
Positive self view is like sticking a plaster ^ What is this referring to?
Defensive self enhancement
50
Avoidant individuals after pretend feedback endorsed more positive traits and less negative traits. What does this illustrate?
Self reliance
51
Secure individuals after pretend feedback endorsed ______________, but no difference between failure
More positive and negative
52
Why do unhelpful ways of thinking about the self tend to persevere in insecure attachment styles?
Insecure attachments = associated with vulnerabilities that sustain views/beliefs
53
This attachment style believes others are generally well intentioned providers of protection, comfort and security.
Secure
54
This attachment style believes others are difficult to understand and they have little control over their lives.
Anxious
55
This attachment style struggles to believe that human beings are altruistic, and is willing to stand up for their beliefs. Full control over life.
Avoidant
56
This attachment style/s struggles to accept others, and have doubts about others trustworthiness.
Insecure (avoidant AND anxious)
57
This attachment style (surprisingly) provided positive descriptions of their parents...
Avoidant
58
Why might views of parents change with age?
Idealize parents when young | Distance allows a different perspective
59
Baldwin et al examined...
Access to beliefs about partners supportiveness

Social Psychology (9 decks)

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