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PM2B Spring Amy L > Sterilisation > Flashcards

Sterilisation Flashcards

1
Q

How do pathogens harm the patient?

A

Cause infectious disease

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2
Q

How do microbes damage a product?

A

Degrade API, make dose unpalatable

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3
Q

Which routes of administration have the greatest and least infection hazards?

A
  • Parenteral has the greatest risk
  • Then cream (skin is sensitive)
  • Oral has the least risk - stomach acid kills bacteria
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4
Q

Which order is microbe growth?

A

First order = logarithmic

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5
Q

What does CFU stand for?

A

Colony forming unit = 1 live microbe

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6
Q

What is Decimal Reduction Time (D)?

A

Time taken for a 10x reduction in microbes (i.e. 90% reduction in concentration)

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7
Q

What is the sterility assurance level (SAL)?

A
  • Level of sterility required for terminally sterilised products = 10-6
  • Therefore the probability of an item being non-sterile if selected at random should be 1 in 1,000,000
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8
Q

How is sterilisation time for an item decided?

A

Based on decimal kill rate (D) value

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9
Q

How is sterility tested?

A
  1. Take a sample from the item (swab, liquid or filtrate)
  2. Add to culture medium
  3. If no growth after 14 days = non-sterile
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10
Q

Define: Sterilsation

A

Totally killing all microbes on product/item

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11
Q

Define: Sanitisation

A

Cleaning a surface

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12
Q

What does a disinfectant do?

A

Kills microbes on a surface

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13
Q

What does an antiseptic do?

A

Kills microbes on skin/tissue

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14
Q

What does a microbicide do?

A

Kills microbes

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15
Q

What does a bacteriostatic drug do?

A

Stops growth of bacteria

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16
Q

List 2 methods by which heat is used as a sterilisation technique?

A
  1. Steam
  2. Dry heat
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17
Q

List 2 advantages of using heat as a sterilisation technique?

A
  1. Steam is very effective
  2. Cheap
18
Q

List disadvantages of using heat as a sterilisation technique?

A
  1. Wets product/dries product out
  2. Can damage product
19
Q

What application is there for using filtration as a sterilisation technique?

A

Solutions for injection

20
Q

List 2 advantages of using filtration as a sterilisation technique

A
  1. Good for liquids/solutions
  2. Removes particles
21
Q

List 2 disadvantages of using filtration as a sterilisation technique

A
  1. Only good for solutions
  2. Costly
22
Q

What application is there for using chemical sterilisation?

A

Surfaces and equipment

23
Q

List 2 advantages of chemical sterilisation

A
  1. Cheap
  2. Very effective
24
Q

List 2 disadvantages of chemical sterilisation

A
  1. Usually needs to be removed from the product afterwards
  2. May damage product
25
List **2 examples** of **irradiation** used for **sterilisation**
1. **Gamma** 2. **UV**
26
List **2 appllications** of where **irradiation** can be used as a **sterilisation technique**
1. **Surfaces** 2. **Packed products**
27
List **2 advantages** of **irradiation** as a **sterilisation technique**
1. **Quick and cheap** 2. **Penetrates packet**
28
List **2 disadvantages** of **irradiation** as a **sterilisation technique**
1. **Surface only** 2. **Safety**
29
What is the **disadvantage** of using **gas** as a **sterilisation technique**?
**Hazardous to workers**
30
What **piece of equipment** is used for **steam sterilisation**?
**Autoclave**
31
What are the **conditions** within the **autoclave**?
* **121°​C** * **High pressure** * **15-30 minutes**
32
How does the **autoclave/steam kill bacteria**?
**Hydrolyses the proteins**
33
What is **dry heat sterilisation** used for?
* Typically for **surgical instruments** * Hot enough to char off some components
34
What are the **conditions** of **dry heat sterilisation**?
* **170°C** * **2 hours**
35
Define: **Terminal sterilisation**
When the **product is sterilised** at the **start and at the end**
36
Define: **Non-terminal sterilisation**
When product is **sterilised throughout** the **manufacturing process**
37
List **3 chemicals** used for **sterilisation** and **how they work**
1. **Phenols** - disrupt membrane and denature proteins 2. **Alcohol** - denature proteins and dissolve membranes 3. **Aldehydes** - crosslinks biomolecules, one of the most effective disinfectants
38
List **4 conditions** which influence the **effectiveness** of **antimicrobial agents**
1. **Type** of micro-organism 2. **Concentration** of micro-organisms 3. **Environmental conditions** (pH, viscosity) 4. **Temperature**
39
Which is **harder to kill** - gram **negative** or gram **positive** bacteria?
**Gram negative**
40
List **2 other processes** that occur during the **production of sterile products**
1. **Aseptic handling** 2. **Quality control and monitoring**

PM2B Spring Amy L (16 decks)

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