STI/STD Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
Chain of Infection
A
Causative organism –> reservoir–>
portal of exit–>mode of transmission –> susceptible host–>mode of entry
2
Q
colonization
A
state when microorganisms are present without host interference or interaction
3
Q
Infection
A
Host interaction with an organism
4
Q
Infectious disease
A
State in which the infected host displays a decline in wellness due to the infection
5
Q
When C & S swab of a healthy person’s skin is + for a microorganism, the patient is infected? T or F
A
False
6
Q
How are STIs acquired
A
sexual contact
7
Q
Syphilis incubation period
A
10 days to 3 months
8
Q
Syphilis mode of transmission
A
Direct contact with infectious exudate (fluid)
9
Q
Is Syphilis for forever?
A
Yes. You can supress it but once you get it, you always have it.
10
Q
Is Syphilis an STD or STI?
A
Since you have it for forever it is an STD
11
Q
Syphillis is caused by what organism?
A
Spirochete Treponema pallidum
12
Q
Shyphillis medication of choice
A
Penicillin G Benzathine IM
13
Q
Primary syphilis occurs how long after initial inoculation?
A
2-3 weeks
14
Q
What happens during primary syphilis?
A
A lesion (chancre)appears at the site of infection & disapear within about 2 months if left untreated
15
Q
When does Secondary Syphilis occur?
A
when the hematogenous spread of organisms from the original chancre leads to generalized infection
16
Q
When does the rash appear during secondary syphilis & where is the rash loacted?
A
about 2-8 weeks after the chancre. Rash can be on palms of hands, soles of feet & extrmities
17
Q
What happens after the secondary stage of syphilis?
A
there is a period of latency (no s/s)
18
Q
Generalized signs of infection of syphilis?
A
lymphadenopathy, arthritis, meningitis, hair loss, fever, malaise & weight loss
19
Q
lymphadenopathy
A
abnormal enlargement of lymph nodes
20
Q
How can the latency period of syphilis be interrupted
A
by a recurrence of secondary syphilis
21
Q
Tertiary syphilis is what stage
A
the last stage in the natural progression of the disease. Some people do not exhibit s/s in this stage. dementia, stroke are most common
22
Q
Can the tertiary syphilis affect other organs?
A
Yes. this stage presents as a slow progressive inflammatory disease
23
Q
What is done to test for syphilis during the primary stage?
A
direct identification of the spirochete from the chancre lesions
24
Q
What is done to test for syphilis during the Secondary & Tertiary stage
A
Serologic tests. Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) & Rapid plasma reagin circle card test (RPR-CT)
25
When does the spirochete cross the placenta in congenital syphilis
After 18 weeks the spirochete cross the placenta barrier
26
How is mom tested for syphilis when shes pregnant?
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) & Rapid plasma reagin circle card test (RPR-CT), or Automated reagin test (ART)
27
What is the Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test (FTA-ABS) used for
Used to verify that the syphillis screening did not represent a false-positive
28
Symptoms of congenital syphilis
stillborn (if its a severe infection), lesions on umbilical cord, nasal passages, copper colored rash after one week of age, possible severe rhinitis, growth plate changes @ 1-3 months of age, pegged or notched teeth, eye scarring or blindness, severe neurological symptoms
29
Where will a cooper rash develop on a child born with syphilis? & what else might appear?
Rash will be prominent over face, soles of feet & palms of hands. Bullous lesions can appear on palms & soles
30
What is rhinitis?
inflammation or irritation of the nasal passages, resulting in runny nose, nasal congestion, & postnasal drainage
31
If mom is tested + for syhilis by a VDRL, the newborn gets what at birth?
Penicillin
32
If a patient who has syphilis is allergic to Penicillin G Benzathine, what do they get instead?
Doxycyline PO BID for 14 days
33
Gonorrhea incubation period
2-7 days
34
Gonorrhea mode of transmission
Contact with mucous membrance of infected people
35
Gonorrhea symptoms in females
Purulent cervical discharge, asymptomatic, UTIs, vaginitis
36
Gonorrhea symptoms in males
Purulent discharge from urethra, burning during urination, painful swollen testicles
37
Gonorrhea symptoms in rectal infection
asymptomatic, pruritis (itching), tenesmus (involuntary straining), discharge
38
Tenesmus
involuntary straining
39
pruritis
itching
40
Gonorrhea & Chlamydia are both bacterial or viral infections?
Bacterial
41
Gonorrhea discharge color?
white
42
Chlamydia discharge color?
clear
43
Can Chlamydia & Gonorrhea be transmitted from mother to child at birth?
yes
44
Chlamydia s/s in females
Purulent cervical discharge, asymptomatic
45
Chlamydia s/s in males
Purulent discharge from urethra, burning during urination ,
46
Complications with Chlamydia & Gonorrhea
PID, ectopic pregnancy, endometritis & infertility
47
Causative agent of chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
48
Causative agent of gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
49
Target group for preventive patient teaching about gonorrhea & chlamydia?
adolescent & young adult population. Usually occurs with first sexaul experience
50
NAAT (Nucleic Acid Amplification test) is for what?
A used for chlamydia. They are for chlamydia-specific antibodies
51
Antibiotics for Chlamydia
Azithromycin or doxycycline
52
Antibiotic for Gonorrhea
Rocephin or Suprax Pellico pg 974
53
When can a patient have sex again with chlamydia/gonorrhea?
No sex until treated & cured
54
When are women tested again for Chlamydia?
3-4 months afterward
55
Vaginits
Inflammation of vaginal epithelium
56
S/S of vaginits
itching, reddish irritation, white, cheese-like discharge clinging to epithelium,
57
Lactobacillus
healthy bacteria that live in vagina. They maintain normal vaginal ph
58
What decrease lactonacilus?
Antibiotics, oral contraceptives, menopause, spermicides, diabetes
59
Is vaginits an STD or STI?
neither. It can coexist with STI's but not considered an STI by itself
60
Vaginits is caused by
Candida albicans, Trichomonas, Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
61
Candidiasis incubation period
variable
62
Candidiasis s/s
cottage-cheese like discharge, odorless, burning inflammation, pruritis, increased symptoms before or during menstrual cycle
63
Candidiasis treatment
Diflucan (Fluconazole) 150mg x1, Clotrimazole or miconazole vaginal cream 3-7 day treatment
64
Diflucan (Fluconazole) 150mg x1, Clotrimazole or miconazole vaginal cream 3-7 day treatment is used for?
Candidiasis
65
Trichomoniasis incubation period
4-20 days
66
Trichomoniasis s/s
may be asymptomatic, itching, inflammation, bubbly gray or yellow discharge,strawberry spot on vaginal wall
67
Trichomoniasis treatment
Metrodiazole (Flagyl) 2 Gm PO single dose or Metrodiazole (Flagyl) 500 mg BID for 7 days
68
Trichomonas vaginalis is a
flagellated protozoan
69
What kind of membrance does a trichimonasis have & what shape is the organism?
undulating membrance with a pyriform shape
70
How is a patient tested for trichimonasis
microscopic detection
71
trichimonasis causative organism
Trichomonas vaginalis
72
Trichimonasis transmission
almost exclusively sexually transmitted
73
Where is Trichomoniasis found in women?
Vagina, urethra & paraurethral glands
74
Where is Trichomoniasis found in men?
urethra
75
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) mode of transmission
controversial whether sexually transmitted
76
BV s/s
fishy odor (positive whiff test), grayish or milky discharge
77
How is BV diagnosed
by positive clue cells on wet mount
78
BV causative agent
overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria & Garnerella vaginalis with an absence of lactobacilli
79
BV risk factors
douching after menses, smoking, multiple sex partners, other STIs
80
BV treatment
Flagly 500mg BID for 7 days or Clindamycin (Cleocin) cream or 300mg TID for 7 days, Augmentin 500mg TID for 7 days. If pregnant: Flagly 250mg TID for 7 days
81
Flagly, Clindamycin (Cleocin) & Augmentin are used to treat?
BV
82
Is BV and STI or STD?
BV is not considered an STI exclusively but is associated with sexual activity
83
Special instructions when taking flagly
avoid alcohol during and for 24 hrs after treatment to prevent significant GI upset
84
BV complications
premature labor, endometritis, PID, recurrant UTIs
85
Herpes causative agent
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 & 2
86
Herpes mode of transmission
baginal, oral or anal sex. Transmitted by open sores or skin surface covered with HSV
87
Herpes incubation period
2-12 days
88
Herpes patient profile
age 14-49 yrs old. 1 out of 6 people in the US
89
Testing for Herpes
Culture sores or if there are no symptoms, a blood test is taken for IgG antibodies
90
Herpes treatment
Acyclovir. taken daily to supress infection or Famciclovir, Valacycovir
THINK: meds ending in "vir" =viral infection
91
Acyclovir
antiviral medication
92
Herpes teaching
no sex during outbreak, use a condom everytime
93
untreated herpes in babies leads to
permanent CNS damage, mental retardation, or death
94
HSV-1 transmission
transmitted to the genitalia by oral sex or self-inoculation (touching a cold sore then touching the genital area
95
Sexually transmitted infections in the US per year. (highest to lowest)
Chlamydia, Herpes, HIV
96
HIV transmission
blood-borne, sexually , thru breast milk
97
what precautions do you use with an HIV patient?
Standard precautions
98
Does HIV carry its own RNA or DNA?
RNA
99
retrovirus
viruses that carry their genetic material in the form of RNA rather than DNA. HIV is a retrovirus
100
HIV pathophysiology
HIV binds to T-cell (CD4+ cell), RNA is released into cell, reverse transcription converts RNA to DNA, Viral DNA enters T-cell's nucleus & inserts itself into T-cell DNA, T-cell makes copies of HIV components and are released from the cell
101
HIV tests
Antibody test: emzyme immunoassay (EIA) test, Western blot test, Viral load tests
102
Stage 1) Primary HIV infection
intense viral replication, window period occurs (HIV infected patients can test negative on the HIV antibody blood test. (Thats why you have to get tested more than once if you think you might have HIV)
103
Stage 2) HIV asymptomatic
by about 6 months, the rate of viral infection reaches a lower but relatively steady state
104
Stage 3) HIV symptomatic
of t-cells gradually falls
105
Stage 4)AIDS
T-cell level drops below 200 cells/mm3
106
A persons stage of HIV infection is based on what?
Based on symptoms AND T-cell levels
107
Viral load tests measure
HIV RNA levels
108
IF you have HIV antibodies are you immune?
No. HIV antibodies do not indicate immunity
109
Kaposi's sarcoma
HIV-related malignancy. Leasions on skin
110
Wasting syndrome
wasting of whole body. Manifestation of HIV
111
Manifestations of HIV (Common infections with HIV)
TB, PCP, loss of appetite, oral & esophageal candidiasis, chronic diarrhea, t-cell lymphomas, HIV encephalopathy, CMV, Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)
112
HIV encephalopathy
progressive decline in cognative, behavioral & motor functions
113
HIV Gynecologic manifestations occur how often?
often. recurrent vaginal candidiasis or BV may be first sign of HIV
114
HIV Treatment is based on what?
s/s, viral load test, T-cell counts, & willingness of participation
115
Effective antiretroviral regimens contain at least ____ virologically active meds from at least ____ classes
three, two. That way Dr. can figure out effects
116
What is most important when on treatment for HIV
Strict adherence to the regimen is vital
117
What is considered when doing HIV treatment?
side effects & drug resistance
118
Pneumocystic Pneumonia (PCP) in HIV patients is treated with
TMP-SMZ (Bactrim, Septra)
119
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
fluffy-yellow-white retinal leasions. Manifestation of HIV
120
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is treated with
various antiviral agents
121
Kaposi's sarcoma treatment successful?
No one treatment has been shown to increase survival
122
Mycrobacterium avium complex (MAC) treated with
clarithromycin(biaxin) or azithromycin (Zithromax)
123
condylomata
genital warts
124
what stains of HPV cause genital warts?
HPV 6 & 11
125
Which strains affect the cerfix
HPV 16, 18, 31,33 &45
126
How do we detect HPV?
pap smear
127
What does HPV effect?
cervix
128
When is the HPV vaccine recommend for males & females
before onset of sexual activity Ages 9-26 yrs old
129
Treatment of HPV
Topical agents:Trichloroacetic acid, podophyllin, chemotherapeutic agents; Injections: interferons; electrocautery (used with large areas)
130
HPV transmission
sexual intercourse, can be transmited by skin to skin
131
HPV vaccine for girls protects against how many strains?
4
132
Males are vaccinated with quadrivalent HPV to prevent what
genital warts
