Stomach Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the abdomen?
- The body cavity between the diaphragm and the pelvic inlet
- It is separated from the thorax but not the pelvis
- It is a multi-layered musculoaponeurotic wall
- Adipose tissue
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?
- R hypochondrium
- Epigastric
- L hypochondrium
- R lumbar
- Umbilical
- L lumbar
- R iliac fossa
- Suprapubic
- L iliac fossa
What is found in the R hypochondrium region of the abdomen?
The liver
What is found in the L hypochondrium/epigastric region of the abdomen?
The stomach
What is found in the R lumbar region of the abdomen?
Parts of the large intestine
What is found in the umbilical region of the abdomen?
Parts of the small intestine
What is found in the R iliac fossa region of the abdomen?
The appendix
What is meant by distension?
- The ability to fill up
What is anterior and superior to the stomach
- Lower ribs/diaphragm
- Liver
What is the second largest organ in the body?
The liver
What is the largest organ in the body?
Skin
What is posterior and inferior to the stomach?
- Diaphragm
- Spleen
- Kidney (L)
- Adrenal gland
- Pancreas
What is Omentum?
A fold of peritoneum connecting the stomach with other abdominal organs
Where does the greater Omentum attach to the stomach?
The greater curvature of the stomach
What are the 4 areas if the stomach?
- Cardia (next to heart)
- Fundus (where air sits)
- Body (main)
- Pylorus (next to the pyloric sphincter)
What is the name of the sphincter between the stomach and the duodenum?
The pyloric sphincter
what are the different layers of the stomach?
in the stomach as well as the inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of muscle there is an additional layer - so 3 layers of muscle in total
- The additional layer is called the oblique layer
What is the function of the additional layer of muscle in the stomach (the oblique layer)?
To make sure there is churning in the stomach
What are the functions of the stomach?
- Stores swallowed food
- ‘Retention’ of food
- Mixing of gastric ‘juice’
- Chemical and mechanical functions
- Limited absorption except alcohol
Where are mucous secreting cells located in the stomach and what do they secrete?
- Luminal surface and gastric pits
- Alkaline secretions which protect stomach acid from damaging the rest of the body if leakage of gastric ‘juices’
What do parietal cells secrete?
- HCl
- Intrinsic factor (need for vitamin B12 absorption)
What do chief cells secrete?
- Pepsinogen (inactive form): converted into pepsin by HCl for protein digestion
What do endocrine cells secrete in the stomach?
Gastrin - Hormones that increase contractions of later part of the GIT
What is the blood supply of the stomach?
- The greater curvature of the stomach receives its blood supply from the left gastroepiploic artery along its top edge and from the right gastroepiploic along its lower edge
- The upper portion of the greater curvature of the stomach, along with the fundus, receives blood from the short gastric artery
- The lesser curvature of the stomach receives blood from the left gastric artery (this also supplies the cardia region) and the right gastric artery
