Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BDS1 The Alimentary System > Alimentary System: Controls > Flashcards

Alimentary System: Controls Flashcards

(42 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the GI tract hormones?

A
  • Cholecystokinin (CCK): bile sack mover
  • Gastrin: produced by G cells within stomach - activated parietal cells which produce HCl which activated chief cells which produce pepsinogen
  • Gastric inhibitory peptide: in response to insulin regulation - does not inhibit stomach
  • Secretin: active in duodenum - reduces gastric acid secretion and increases bicarbonate secretion from pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are hormones mostly active in the GIT?

A

Mainly work around the stomach and SI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the somatic nervous system most active in the GIT?

A

At the mouth and the anal canal e.g. tasting and needing the toilet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the autonomic nervous system most active in the GIT?

A

Most active in the middle portion of the GIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is secreted in the mouth and what is the function of this?

A

Saliva - Main function is to lubricate food/ buffering and maintaining pH
*has a partial role in digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the processes f motility in the mouth?

A
  • Chewing

- Swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What cranial nerves control taste (gustation)?

A

CN VII, IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cranial nerves control smell (olfaction)?

A

CN I - minor effect in human beings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What cranial nerves control chewing?

A

CN V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What has a minor role in human beings on salivary production?

A
  • ‘Psychic’ stimuli, visual etc. and conditioned reflexes have a minor role in human beings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the salivatory stimuli from most influence to least influence in humans?

A
  • Chemical: taste of food (acid is most potent)
  • Mechanical: chewing food
  • Olfactory: smell of food
  • Visual: sight of food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What parts of the face are used for chewing?

A
  • Jaw, facial, tongue muscles

- Skeletal in type: controlled by somatic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nerves control the process of chewing?

A
  • Voluntary, automatic control via CV V, VII, XII (these nerves initiate the process but then it becomes automatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What parts of the face are used for swallowing?

A
  • Jaw, tongue and pharyngeal muscles

- Skeletal in type; control by somatic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerves control the process of swallowing?

A
  • automatic and reflex control via CN V, IX, X, XII
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of muscle is the oesophagus?

A
  • Mix of skeletal and smooth muscle
  • upper - skeletal
  • middle - mixed
  • lower - smooth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What nerve controls the oesophagus?

18
Q

What is secreted into the stomach?

Study These Flashcards
A

Gastric juice

19
Q

What are the different processes of motility in the stomach?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Filling, relaxation
  • Mixing
  • Propulsive: peristalsis
  • Emptying
20
Q

What is the cephalic phase of gastric activity stimuli?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Mechanical (chewing)
  • Chemical (taste, smell)
  • Psychic (visual, emotional)
21
Q

What is the gastric phase of gastric activity stimuli?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Mechanical (distension)

- Chemical (food in stomach)

22
Q

What is the intestinal phase of gastric activity stimuli?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Mechanical (distension)

- Chemical (acid, protein in duodenum)

23
Q

What is the cephalic phase of gastric activity controls?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Nerves (long reflex): got stimulus at one point which goes to brain for processing then back to organs for response
24
Q

What is the gastric phase of gastric activity controls?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Nerves (long and short reflexes)

- Hormones (gastrin)

25
What is the intestinal phase of gastric activity controls?
- Nerves (long and short reflexes) - Hormones (GIP, secretin) - Tends to slow gastric emptying
26
What are the secretions of the small intestine?
- Intestinal juice (pancreas and bile origin - enters the duodenum via major duodenal papilla and the sphincter o Oddi)
27
What are the processes of motility in the small intestine?
- Mixing - Villus movement - Segmentation contractions - Peristalsis
28
What is the small intestine controlled by?
- Mainly controlled by local nerves (short reflexes) in response to intra-luminal stimuli
29
Which nerve has a small effect of the secretion of bicarbonate in the cephalic phase?
Vagus nerve
30
Which hormones have an effect of the secretion of bicarbonate in the interstitial phase?
Secretin (most influence in increasing bicarbonate): - Released from duodenum in response to acid - Stimulates secretion of bicarbonate- rich pancreatic juice CCK and VIP: - Have weak stimulatory effect on bicarbonate secretion too
31
Which hormones have an effect on the secretion of pancreatic juice in the intestinal phase?
CCK (most pancreatic juice produced by CCK) - Released from duodenum in response to fat and protein - Stimulates secretion of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice Gastrin and GIP - Have a weak stimulatory effect on enzyme secretions
32
What happens in the cephalic phase which promotes the secretion of bile?
- Relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi
33
What happens in the intestinal phase which promotes the secretion of bile?
CCK (major in release of bile) - Released from duodenum in response to fat and protein - Stimulates contraction of gall bladder - Relaxation of sphincter of Oddi Secretin - Same as CCK, but weaker effect
34
What is secreted into the large intestines and rectum?
- Mucus | - Some water and electrolytes
35
What are the processes of motility in the large intestine and rectum?
- Mixing - Mass movements - Defaecation
36
What are mixing/segmentation movements in the large intestine controlled by?
- Local reflexes
37
What are long reflexes in the large intestine triggered by?
- Food entering the stomach: increases motility in the intestines
38
What is the gastro-ileal reflex in the large intestine?
- Gastric activity increased motility on ileum
39
What is the gastro-colic reflex in the large intestine?
- Gastric activity increased motility on colon: may be related to mass movements
40
What is the main control on the large intestines and rectum?
Neural control
41
Which nerves control the descending colon and rectum?
- Pelvic nerves (S 2-4) | - S 2, 3, 4 keeps the S*** off the floor
42
What are the controls on the anal canal?
- ANS control of internal anal sphincter - Voluntary control of external sphincter - Somatic nerves (sacral)

BDS1 The Alimentary System (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions