Strange Case of Health and the people 1700s - 1800s

Question 1

What notable things did John Hunter do?

Answer 1

• early promoter of scientific method
• set up practice post-1768 to train 100s of surgeons in his scientific approach
• Had many anatomical specimens
• wrote many widely recognised writings on his dissections and scientific findings
• Overall, his work was very helpful for the development of the surgical profession
• One person that trained with him was a certain Edward Jenner…

Question 2

Who popularised inoculation?

Answer 2

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu had her children innoculated in Turkey

Question 3

What were some issues with innoculation?

Answer 3

• Some felt god sent illness to test them :/
• It was hard to give people the right dose
• A strong dose could kill you
• An inoculated person could spread a live, strong version of the virus to others.

Question 4

Who was Edward Jenner?

Bonus question : what county was he born in?

Answer 4

• Apprentice to a country surgeon
• then studied with John Hunter in London
• returned to Gloucester in 1772 as a country doctor

GLOUCESTERSHIRE AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Question 5

When was vaccination discovered, and how?

Bonus question: what county was it discovered in?

Answer 5

• In 1796, Jenner injected cowpox into an 8-year-old.The little guy lived, and did not react to the smallpox inoculation.
• Jenner tested this 16 times, just to double-check
  In 1798, Jenner published his findings.

GLOUCESTERSHIRE AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Question 6

What were the problems with vaccination?

Answer 6

• Jenner couldn’t explain why it worked
• Jenner was not a fashionable city doctor

Question 7

Why was vaccination supported?

Answer 7

Some members of the royal family were vaccinated

Question 8

How did the Government play a role after Jenner’s discovery?

Answer 8

• In 1802, he got £10,000 for research
• In 1853, the British Government made vaccination mandatory

Question 9

What options of pain relief were there before Chloroform?

Answer 9

• Opiates (medieval) caused blood loss, addiction, could kill
• Nitrous Oxide (used medically in 1844) not too effective
• Ether (used 1842) flammable, caused vomiting, many operations of the time were done IN FRONT OF A FIRE to prevent infection.

Question 10

Who discovered Chloroform?

Answer 10

James Simpson

Question 11

When was Chloroform discovered?

Answer 11

1847, by chance (Simpson opened a bottle by accident, found sleeping by his wife.)

Question 12

Why did people oppose anaestheitics?

Answer 12

• Some felt that pain was God’s plan
• Some felt that pain was a soldier’s duty
• Hannah Greeer died in 1948 to chloroform

Question 13

What were the main 2 things that made people support chloroform?

Sci and Tech + Role of the Individual

Answer 13

• Invention of a way to measure doses given
• Queen Victoria used it 1853 for childbirth