Strength of Separate Development 1961-68 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Managerial roles
Afrikaner Managerial roles rose from 43.2% (1948) to 68.1% (1960)
Trade figures
Us +79%, UK +88%, Japan 379%
Economic growth and investment
Economic growth of 6% and return on outlays of 20-15%
Income of whites
Increased by 50% from 22,000 to 32,000
Foreign reserves
Quadrupled from $240 mil 1960
Gold value
+85%
Countries that supported Apartheid around SA
Rhodesia, Angola, Mozambique, Zambia, Lesotho, Botswana and Swaziland supported Apartheid
Television
Introduced in 1976, 2 hours per day 1 hour in Afrikaans 1 hour in English
How were whites isolated from external influences?
Radio was censored and couldn’t play western music. Lived in only white suburbs so didn’t encounter the reality of Apartheid
Restricted education and information made whites believed protests were done by communists
Problems still
- relied on 100% imports of oil
- lacked mining and industry machinery
- required considerable foreign investment
Population and wealth in 1980
Top 10% had 58% of wealth while lowest 40% had 6% of wealth
What did the Bantu Self-Government do? What was the aim behind it?
1959
- created 8 Bantustans, each with their separate government, bureaucracy and infrastructure.
- Wanted to make the Bantustans independent to prevent South Africa being accused of segregation
Transkei
First Bantustan created in 1963, home to the Xhosa. Gained independence in 1976.
- 110 members of a quasi-parliament, 65 appointed while 45 democratically elected
Transkei elections
Democratic Party, against Apartheid, won 38 out of 45 seats. However Kaiser Matazanima used his power and authority to overrule the victory and give himself control.
- Declared a state of emergency that lasted for most of Transkei’s life, banned opposition using R400.
Transkei recognition and independence
No foreign government recognised Transkei or any other bantustan as independent.
Transkei faced unrest from Poqo
Closest to gaining economic independence, but never did. There was a rising rural middle class with economic benefits and opportunities
Other Bantustans and their independence
- Ciskei for Xhosa, independent in 1982
- Kwazulu for Zulu, never independent
- Bophuthatswana for Tswana, independent 1977
Who was minister of Justice and what was his approach with police budget?
John Vorster hardline Minister for justice
- Increased defence/police budget from R44 mil to R255 mil (1960-64)
SADF
Set up in 1957 to defend the country
Only had 25,000 members in 1963, but grew from 1857 as compulsory conscription introduced of 9 months
Armament Production Board
Created in 1964 as a response to global arms boycott
Production of arms with R33 mil investment.
1965 Police Amendment Act
Allowed searches without a warrant on houses 1 mile from the border
1968 new police headquarters in Johannesburg
A total of 8 detainees lost their live as it was a place for violence against rebels
BOSS
Bureau of State Security created in 1969, to oversee cooperation of police and defence force
