Stress & Coping

Question 1

Frustration and Loss

Answer 1

(wanting something you can’t have; losing your phone; grief)

Question 2

Conflict

Answer 2

incompatible/competing motivations

Question 3

3 Approaches of conflict

Answer 3

1. Approach-approach
2. Avoidance- avoidance
3. Approach-avoidance

Question 4

Approach-approach

Answer 4

choosing between two things you want (e.g., two universities)

Question 5

Avoidance-avoidance

Answer 5

choosing between two things you don’t want (e.g., choosing between going broke, and taking a job you really don’t want)

Question 6

Approach-avoidance

Answer 6

deciding about whether to purse something that has both good and bad qualities (e.g., taking a job you don’t want but pays well)

Question 7

Change

Answer 7

Any change (e.g., moving house), even positive change (e.g., going to university) is stressful because it requires re-adjustment

Question 8

Pressure

Answer 8

expectations to behave in a certain way (e.g., majoring in Business vs Psychology)

Question 9

avoidance strategies

Answer 9

1. self blame
2. learned helplessness
3. denial
4. self-indulgence/addiction
5. aggression

Question 10

task oriented coping strategy

Answer 10

1. positive reframing/optimism

2. social support (instrumental & emotional)

Question 11

Cognitive Adaptation theory shows that

Answer 11

those with terminal illness actually report benefits (deriving strength, growth and learning things they may not otherwise would have had the opportunity to learn)

Question 12

emotion oriented approach

Answer 12

1. Humour
2. Emotional expression
3. Relaxation/exercise

Question 13

acute stressor

Answer 13

a stressful situation or circumstance that happens in the short term and has a definite endpoint.

Question 14

chronic stressor

Answer 14

a stressful situation or circumstance that is more long term and often lacks a definite endpoint.

Question 15

conflict

Answer 15

discomfort brought about by two or more goals or impulses perceived to be incompatible.

Question 16

coping

Answer 16

efforts to manage, reduce, or tolerate stress.

Question 17

daily hassles

Answer 17

everyday annoyances that contribute to higher stress levels; also known as micro-stressors.

Question 18

emotion-focused coping

Answer 18

coping strategies focused on changing one’s feelings about the stressor.

Question 19

frustration

Answer 19

an emotion people experience when thwarted in pursuit of a goal.

Question 20

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 20

a three-stage response to stress identified by Hans Selye; the stages are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Question 21

immune system

Answer 21

the body’s system of organs, tissues, and cells that identify and destroy foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses, as well as cancer cells.

Question 22

inoculation

Answer 22

exposing oneself to a relatively low level of stress in a controlled situation to improve later performance in a more stressful situation.

Question 23

life changes

Answer 23

shifts in life circumstances that require adjustment of some kind.

Question 24

lymphocytes

Answer 24

white blood cells that circulate through the body and destroy foreign invaders and cancer cells; important components of the immune system.

Question 25

primary appraisal

Answer 25

appraisal of a stressor to determine how severe it is; the first stage in Richard Lazarus's description of how people experience stress.

Question 26

problem-focused coping

Answer 26

coping strategies focused on dealing directly with the stressor, such as by changing the stressor in some way

Question 27

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 27

an area of study focusing on links between stress, the immune system, and health.

Question 28

secondary appraisal

Answer 28

appraisal of one's personal resources and ability to cope with a stressor; the second stage in Richard Lazarus's description of how people experience stress.

Question 29

stress

Answer 29

state brought on by any situation that threatens or appears to threaten a person's sense of well-being, thus challenging the individual's ability to cope.

Question 30

stressor

Answer 30

a situation or circumstance that triggers the stress response.

Question 31

Type A

Answer 31

a personality type characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and anger and hostility.

Question 32

Type B

Answer 32

a personality type that is less aggressive, more relaxed, and less hostile than Type A.

Question 33

Type C

Answer 33

a personality type characterized by difficulty in expressing or acknowledging negative feelings.

Question 34

Type D

Answer 34

a personality type characterized by negative affectivity such as worry or gloominess and social inhibition.