Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SCRN > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

Ratio of cerebral infarcts to cerebral hemorrhages

A

4:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the term to describe an occlusion in an artery causing death of tissue?

A

Ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What types of brain bleeding are usually caused by trauma?

A

Subdural or epidural bleeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What types of strokes can resolve quickly and may reoccur in minutes or hours?

A

TIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 2 characteristics of ischemic strokes?

A

Abrupt onset

Symptoms will usually fit the distribution of a single vascular territory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some signs of a Parenchymal hemorrhage?

A

Early decrease in LOC
N/V
HA
Accelerated hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhages

A 
Bursting very sever HA
Worst HA of my life
Stiff neck
Decreased consciousness
N/V
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S/S of middle cerebral artery strokes

A

Contralateral loss of strength and decreased sensation in the face, arm, and to a lesser extent leg
Aphasia for dominate hemisphere
Neglect if non-dominate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

S/S of anterior cerebral artery stroke

A

Contralateral loss of strength and sensation in the leg and to a lesser extent the arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

S/S of a posterior cerebral stroke

A

Contralateral visual field deficit

Possibly confusion and aphasia if dominate hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

S/S of penetrating (lacunar syndrome)

A

Contralateral weakness or sensory loss (usually not both) in face, arm, and leg.
No dysphasia, neglect, or visual loss.
Possibly ataxia, dysarthria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

S/S of vertebral (or posterior inferior cerebellar)

A

Truncal ataxia, dysarthria, dysphagia, ipsilateral sensory and contralateral sensory loss below the neck.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

S/S of basilar artery stroke

A

Various combinations of limb ataxia, dysarthria, dysphagia, facial and limb weakness and sensory loss (may be bilateral) pupillary asymmetry, disconjugate gaze, visual field loss, decreased responsiveness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aphagia

A

Loss if the ability to understand or express speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is neglect?

A

Lack of awareness on one side of the body contralateral to the area of stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Truncal ataxia

A

Inability to sit or stand unsupported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dysarthria

A

Difficulty of speech d/t problems of lips and tongue to form the words.
Usually there is no problems with understanding or word finding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty or discomfort with swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Symptoms occurring on the same side of the body as the stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can cause the symptom of disconjugate gaze

A

Stokes affecting the brainstem frontal lobes, or cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Disconjugate gaze

A

Unpaired movement of the eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ACA

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ACE

A

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
ARR
Absolute Risk Reduction
26
AVM
Arteriovenous Malformation
27
CBV
Cerebral Blood Volume
28
CEA
Carotid Endarterectomy
29
CPP
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
30
CT
Computed Tomography
31
CTP
CT Perfusion
32
CUS
Carotid Ultrasound
33
DSA
Digital Subtraction Angiography
34
DWI
Diffusion-weighted Imaging
35
EEG
Electroencephalogram
36
HIT
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia
37
HITTS
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia with Thrombotic Syndrome
38
ICA
Internal Carotid Artery
39
INR
International Normalized Ratio
40
IVH
Intraventricular Hemorrhage
41
LDL
Low Density Lipoprotien
42
LMN
Lower Motor Neuron
43
MCA
Middle Cerebral Artery
44
MRA
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
45
mRS
Modified Rankin Scale
46
NIHSS
National institutes of Health Stroke Scale
47
NINDS
National Institute Of Neurological Disorders
48
NNH
Number needed to harm
49
NNT
Number needed to treat
50
NPO
Nil per os | Nil by mouth
51
PCA
Posterior Cerebral Artery
52
PCC
Prothrombin complex concentrate
53
PEG
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
54
PWI
Perfusion weighted imaging
55
RRR
Relative risk reduction
56
SAH
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
57
TCD
Transcranial doppler ultrasound
58
TEE
Transesophageal echocardiogram
59
tPA
Tissue plasminogen activator
60
TTE
Transthoracic echocardiogram
61
Name the stroke mimics
``` Seizure Migraine Syncope Hypoglycemia Metabolic encephalopathy Drug overdose CNS tumor Herpes simplex encephalitis Subdural hematoma Peripheral compression neuropathy Bell’s palsy (peripheral 7th nerve palsy) Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Conversion disorder ```
62
Conversion disorder
The development of stroke like symptoms such as weakness, numbness, or trouble talking which are manifestations of stress or a psychiatric illness
63
When can you see ischemic changes on a head CT?
Between 3-24 hrs
64
What tests should be obtained but should not delay tPA? Why?
CBC Platelet ct PT/INR PTT ``` tPA should not be delayed unless there is clinical suspicion of a bleeding abnormality or thrombocytopenia Or The pt has received heparin or Coumadin Or The use of anticoagulants is not known ```
65
Definition of ischemic stroke
Death of brain tissue due to interruption of blood flow to a region of the brain, caused by occlusion of a cerebral or cervical artery, or less likely, a cerebral vein
66
What are the 4 components of ischemic stroke care?
1. Acute therapy and optimization of neurological status 2. Etiological work up for secondary prevention 3. Prevention of neurological deterioration or medical complications 4. Recovery and rehabilitation
67
What is the best way to maintain brain perfussion
HOB flat if there are no airway concerns. Maintain euvolemia Support BP
68
Define euvolemia
The proper amount of blood in the body | Synonym: normovolemic
69
WhT is the upper limit BP parameter to consider treating HTN
220/120
70
What is the dose for labetalol?
10-20 mg IV
71
What is the dose of cardene?
5mg/hr as initial dose then titration by 2.5mg/hr every 5 minutes to a max of 15mg/hr
72
Meds used to treat HTN should do what?
Should be short acting | Short half light
73
What is the reduction goal of BP?
10-15%
74
What are the 2 halves of the brain connected by
Corpus callosum
75
What is the max dose of labetalol when treating HTN during tPA infusion?
300 mg
76
When treating ischemic strokes caused by a fib how is anticoagulation used?
As a secondary prevention treatment
77
Anticoagulation meds
Weight based Heparin -without a bolus dose. | Lovenox 1mg/kg SQ q12
78
Which stroke patients have the highest risk of reoccurrence?
Cardioembolic strokes - thrombus on valves, or mural thrombus. LVO occlusive clot at risk of distal embolism. Arterial dissections Venous thrombosis
79
One risk of anticoagulation bridging (until the INR reaches the desired level) is
Hemorrhagic conversion
80
Hemorrhagic conversion is frequent with
Large strokes
81
What test should you do before starting anticoagulation?
CT
82
Glucose levels above ? can increase the stroke size and risk of brain hemorrhage?
150
83
Why is hyperthermia bad?
It increases the metabolic demand and infarct size
84
For secondary prevention why do we do brain imaging and vascular evaluation?
To find the etiology of he stroke and treat it.
85
What are some risk factors of stroke that can be reversed
``` HTN DM Hypercholesterolemia Smoking Substance abuse ```
86
What types of strokes can be caused by large artery atherosclerosis?
Intracranial | Extracranial (carotid or aortic arch)
87
Cardioembolic strokes can be the result of
A fib Segmental wall akinesis Paradoxical embolus
88
Small vessel disease can cause what types of strokes?
Lacunar infarction
89
What test is best for detecting internal and external arterial stenosis and excludes large aneurysms and vascular malformations
MRA-MR angiography
90
What noninvasive test can estimate the degree of ICA (internal carotid artery) stenosis at the bifurcation
Carotid US
91
What test is considered the gold standard for visualizing arteries
Digital subtraction angiography
92
What are some downsides to performing DSA
Takes longer to obtain b/c the angiography team is needed
93
DSA
Digital subtraction angiography
94
DSA is the gold standard for
Determining the degree of arterial stenosis Seeing arterial dissections Other vascular malformations
95
An ECG can detect a fib and ? that could result as a consequence of the stroke
Silent MI or infarction
96
What can a TTE detect?
Wall motion abnormalities Low ventricular ejection fraction Valvular abnormalities PFO
97
Anterior wall akinesis carries a high risk of what
High embolic risks
98
What is a TTE
Transthorasic echocardiogram
99
What is TEE
Transesophageal echocardiogram
100
Which test shows the atria better? TTE or TEE
TEE
101
Some findings detected by a TEE carry a high risk of ischemic stroke are
``` Left atrial appendage clot. PFO. PFO Associated with atrial septal aneurysm. Aortic arch atheroma Spontaneous echo contrast ```
102
Coumadin is considered the best preventative treatment for what types of embolic sources
Cardioembolic
103
What 3 types of medications should most ischemic strokes be on?
Antiplatelets Statins Ace inhibitors
104
Names of antiplatelets (antithrombotics)
ASA 81 - 325 daily Clopidogrel (plavix) 75 mg daily Aggrenox/asasantin (aspirin 25mg/dipyridamole 200mg ER bid
105
What dose of heparin is considered DVT prophylaxis
5000u SQ every 8-12 hrs Enoxaparin (lovenox) 40 mg SQ Dalteparin
106
Name the 3 types of ischemic strokes
Thrombotic Embolic Lacunar
107
What is a lacunar stroke
Micro clots block one or more small cerebral arteries
108
Complications after vascular access for interventional procedures
``` Hematoma Arterial dissection Retroperitoneal hemorrhage Arterial thrombosis Pseudoaneurysm ```
109
What are s/s of arterial dissection and retroperitoneal bleed
``` Abdominal, groom, back pain Diaphoresis Bradycardia Hypotension Shock ```
110
What is Moyamoya disease?
Chronic vasoocclusive disease | Progressive narrowing of the carotid arteries and major vessels

SCRN (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions