STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE URINARY SYSTEM Quiz

Question 1

1. The kidneys
   A) Help regulate blood volume.
   B) Help to control blood pressure.
   C) Secrete erythropoietin.
   D) Help control blood pH.
   E) All of the above are correct.

Answer 1

All of the above are correct.

Question 2

2. All of the following are components of the urinary system EXCEPT the
   A) Urethra.
   B) Ureter.
   C) Urinary bladder.
   D) Prostate gland.
   E) Kidneys.

Answer 2

D Prostate gland.

Question 3

3. The functional units of the kidneys are called
   A) Glomeruli.
   B) Calyces.
   C) Nephrons.
   D) Corpuscles.
   E) Tubules.

Answer 3

C) Nephrons.

Question 4

4. The small blood vessel carrying blood out of the glomerulus is the
   A) Renal vein.
   B) Renal artery.
   C) Peritubular capillary.
   D) Efferent arteriole.
   E) Afferent arteriole.

Answer 4

D) Efferent arteriole.

Question 5

5. The Bowman’s capsule is part of the
   A) Renal pyramid.
   B) Renal corpuscle.
   C) Renal tubule.
   D) Renal pelvis.
   E) Minor calyx.

Answer 5

B) Renal corpuscle.

Question 6

6. The first portion of the renal tubule is the
   A) Collecting duct.
   B) Papillary duct.
   C) Proximal convoluted tubule.
   D) Distal convoluted tubule.
   E) Loop of Henle.

Answer 6

C) Proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 7

7. Which of the following represents the correct order of anatomical structures found in the
   nephron?
   A) Glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubules
   B) Proximal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubules, glomerulus
   C) Glomerulus, distal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubules
   D) Distal convoluted tubules, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle
   E) Glomerulus, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules

Answer 7

A) Glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubules

Question 8

8. The specialized epithelial cells that make up the inner wall of the glomerular capsule are called
   A) Macula densa.
   B) Podocytes.
   C) Glomerular cells.
   D) Juxtaglomerular cells.
   E) Capsular epithelial cells.

Answer 8

B) Podocytes.

Question 9

9. The first step in urine formation in a nephron is
   A) Tubular secretion.
   B) Secretion of ADH.
   C) Tubular reabsorption.
   D) Water reabsorption.
   E) Glomerular filtration

Answer 9

E) Glomerular filtration

Question 10

10. The net filtration pressure in a normal adult male is about
    A) 250 liters a day.
    B) 210 liters a day.
    C) 180 liters a day.
    D) 120 liters a day.
    E) 80 liters a day

Answer 10

C) 180 liters a day.

Question 11

11. All of the following processes are involved in tubular reabsorption EXCEPT
    A) Osmosis.
    B) Diffusion.
    C) Filtration.
    D) Active transport.
    E) All of the above are part of tubular reabsorption.

Answer 11

C) Filtration.

Question 12

12. From the collecting ducts of the nephrons, urine drains directly into the
    A) Renal pelvis.
    B) Urinary bladder.
    C) Minor calyces.
    D) Major calyces.
    E) Ureter.

Answer 12

C) Minor calyces.

Question 13

13. The tubular structure that connects a kidney to the urinary bladder is the
    A) Ureter.
    B) Urethra.
    C) Renal pelvis.
    D) Collecting duct.
    E) Calyx.

Answer 13

A) Ureter.

Question 14

14. Urine is expelled from the urinary bladder by the process of
    A) Excretion.
    B) Defecation.
    C) Micturition.
    D) Filtration.
    E) Expectoration.

Answer 14

C) Micturition.

Question 15

15. Which of the following hormones increase reabsorption of water in the collecting
    tubules by stimulating insertion of water channels into the membranes of tubule cells?
    A) Renin
    B) ADH
    C) Aldosterone
    D) Insulin
    E) Angiotensin

Answer 15

B) ADH

Question 16

16. What percentage of the volume of normal urine is water?
    A) 95%
    B) 87%
    C) 80%
    D) 75%
    E) 50%

Answer 16

A) 95%

Question 17

17. Which part of the kidney filters the blood?
    A) Renal calyx.
    B) Renal hilum.
    C) Renal corpuscle.
    D) Renal tubule.
    E) Renal artery.

Answer 17

C) Renal corpuscle.

Question 18

18. Secretion of ADH promotes the
    A) Reabsorption of water.
    B) Excretion of water.
    C) Excretion of sodium ions
    D) Secretion of sodium ions.
    E) All of the above.

Answer 18

A) Reabsorption of water.

Question 19

19. When ADH secretion from the posterior pituitary gland is maximal, the kidneys will
    produce
    A) 1 to 2 liters of dilute urine.
    B) 5 to 6 liters of dilute urine.
    C) 1 to 2 liters of concentrated urine.
    D) 90 to 180 liters of dilute urine.
    E) 0.4 to 0.5 liters of very concentrated urine.

Answer 19

E) 0.4 to 0.5 liters of very concentrated urine.

Question 20

20. What prevents backflow of urine into the ureters when the pressure inside the bladder increases during micturition?
    A) A lower ureteral sphincter muscle
    B) High pressure in the renal pelvis
    C) A physiological valve created at the distal ends of the ureters as they pass under the
    urinary bladder.
    D) Continued active peristalsis of the ureter during urination
    E) Gravity

Answer 20

C) A physiological valve created at the distal ends of the ureters as they pass under the
urinary bladder.

Question 21

21. The kidneys help regulate blood pressure by adjusting blood volume.
    A) True
    B) False

Answer 21

A) True

Question 22

22. The major work of urine formation is performed by the nephrons.
    A) True
    B) False

Answer 22

A) True

Question 23

23. Constriction of the efferent arteriole increases blood pressure in the glomerulus, which increases GFR.
    A) True
    B) False

Answer 23

A) True

Question 24

24. The layers of smooth muscle found in the wall of the urinary bladder are called the_________ muscle.

Answer 24

detrusor muscle

Question 25

25. The hormone that increases water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct is _________.

Answer 25

ADH