STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Question 1

E means

Answer 1

Modulus of Elasticity = Stress / Strain

Question 2

Metals

Answer 2

▪ Cast Iron
▪ Steel
▪ Aluminum

Question 3

WHAT DOES A STRUCTURAL ENGINEER DO? 1

Answer 3

Design of Buildings and Infrastructures

Question 4

Depends on the type of material and type of force (tension or compression)

Answer 4

STRENGTH

Question 5

moving loads (e.g. occupants, vehicles)

Answer 5

Live Loads (transient):

Question 6

FORCES IN STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

Answer 6

Tension, Compression, Bending, Torsion,

Question 7

Stress

Answer 7

= Force/Area

Question 8

DESIGN PROCESS IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Answer 8

1. Select material for construction
2. Determine the appropriate structural system for a particular case
3. Determine forces acting on a structure
4. Calculate the size of members and connections to avoid failure (collapse) or excessive
   deformation

Question 9

process of determining location, material, and size of structural elements to resist
forces acting in a structure

Answer 9

design

Question 10

▪ Property related to deformation

Answer 10

STIFFNESS (RIGIDITY)

Question 11

carry bending in two directions. A concrete flat slab is an example

Answer 11

plates

Question 12

▪ Testing and evaluation of solution

Answer 12

▪ Experimental testing (prototype) or field tests
▪ Peer evaluation

Question 13

PROVIDING STABILITY FOR LATERAL LOADS

Answer 13

Racking Failure of Pinned Frame, Braced Frame, Infilled Frame, Rigid Joints

Question 14

▪ Net force at a point in a structure = zero (summation of forces = zero)

Answer 14

▪ Statement of equilibrium

Question 15

Strain

Answer 15

= DL / Lo

Question 16

Axial Stiffness

Answer 16

= T/DL

Question 17

Percentage: Gravel or Crushed Stones

Answer 17

41

Question 18

▪ Stiffer structural elements deform less under the same applied load

Answer 18

STIFFNESS (RIGIDITY)

Question 19

▪ Net force at a point is determined using a force polygon to account for magnitude
and direction

Answer 19

EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES (STATICS)

Question 20

ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS

Answer 20

▪ Identify the problem
▪ Explore alternative solutions
▪ Analyze and design one or more viable solutions
▪ Testing and evaluation of solution
▪ Build solution using available resources (materials, equipment, labor)

Question 21

MATERIALS USED IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Answer 21

▪ Stone and Masonry
▪ Metals
▪ Concrete
▪ Wood
▪ Fiber-Reinforced Plastics

Question 22

Explore alternative solutions

Answer 22

▪ Research past experience
▪ Brainstorm
▪ Preliminary design of most promising solutions

Question 23

Percentage: Sand

Answer 23

26

Question 24

▪ Statement of equilibrium

Answer 24

EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES (STATICS)

Question 25

self-weight of structure and attachments

Answer 25

Dead Loads (permanent)

Question 26

Moment of Force

Answer 26

= Force x Distance

Question 27

element in which one dimension is much greater than the other two and the applied loads are usually normal to the main axis of the element.

Answer 27

beams

Question 28

Percentage: Cement

Answer 28

11

Question 29

Percentage: Air

Answer 29

6

Question 30

BENDING STIFFNESS

Answer 30

= Force / Displacement

Question 31

TYPES OF STRESS – STRAIN BEHAVIOR

Answer 31

Linear, Non-linear, Elastic-plastic, Non-linear plastic

Question 32

TYPICAL STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

Answer 32

Arch, Truss, Frame

Question 33

A Structural Engineer designs the [] and [] in buildings, bridges, stadiums, tunnels, and other civil engineering works (bones)

Answer 33

structural systems, structural elements

Question 34

WHAT DOES A STRUCTURAL ENGINEER DO? 3

Answer 34

Shoring & Excavation

Question 35

WHAT DOES A STRUCTURAL ENGINEER DO? 2

Answer 35

Retrofit of Old and Historic Buildings

Question 36

▪ Stiffness depends on [], [], and []

Answer 36

type of material (E), structural shape, structural configuration STIFFNESS (RIGIDITY)

Question 37

▪ Two main types of stiffness

Answer 37

▪ Axial stiffness ▪ Bending stiffness STIFFNESS (RIGIDITY)

Question 38

derive their strength from their form and carry forces in compression in two directions

Answer 38

shells

Question 39

elements that carry only axial force (compression) or both axial force and bending

Answer 39

columns

Question 40

WHAT DOES A STRUCTURAL ENGINEER DO?4

Answer 40

Repair and Inspection of Damaged Buildings

Question 41

Global stability

Answer 41

Sliding, Overturning

Question 42

Forces are a type of quantity called vectors - Defined by magnitude and direction

Answer 42

EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES (STATICS)

Question 43

A [] simply supported beams, bending under an evenly distributed load

Answer 43

statistically determinate

Question 44

carry forces in compression in one direction only, which is why it is appropriate to build [] out of masonry. They are designed by ensuring that the line of thrust of the force remains within the depth of the []

Answer 44

arch

Question 45

FORCES ACTING IN STRUCTURES

Answer 45

▪ Forces induced by gravity ▪ Forces induced by wind ▪ Forces induced by earthquakes ▪ Forces induced by rain/snow ▪ Fluid pressures ▪ Others

Question 46

Ability to withstand given stress without failure

Answer 46

STRENGTH

Question 47

Percentage: Water

Answer 47

16

Question 48

structure comprising members and connection points or nodes.

Answer 48

trusses

Question 49

CONCRETE COMPONENTS

Answer 49

▪ Sand (Fine Aggregate) ▪ Gravel (Coarse Aggregate) ▪ Cement (Binder) ▪ Water ▪ Air