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ARE 5.0 > Structural Systems > Flashcards

Structural Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 grades of wood?

A

Stud grades - for studs, including load bearing
#1 structural framing - for headers and long spans
Utility grade - for blocking, etc

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2
Q

What is glue laminated wood?

A

layers of dimensional lumber bonded together with durable, moisture-resistant structural adhesives so that all of the grain runs parallel to the longitudinal axis

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3
Q

What is cross-laminated timber?

A

several layers of kiln-dried lumber boards stacked in alternating directions, bonded with structural adhesives, and pressed to form a solid, straight, rectangular panel

Lightweight yet very strong, with superior acoustic, fire, seismic and thermal performance, CLT is also fast and easy to install, generating almost no waste onsite.

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4
Q

What is laminated strand lumber?

A

dried and graded wood veneers, strands or flakes that are layered upon one another and bonded together with a moisture-resistant adhesive into large blocks known as billets

(longer strands) not super strong, inexpensive

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5
Q

What is oriented strand lumber?

A

OSL is made from flaked wood strands that have a length-to-thickness ratio of approximately 75. The wood strands used in OSL are shorter than those in LSL. Unlike OSB, the strands in OSL are arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the member

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6
Q

What is parallel strand lumber?

A

Dried and graded wood strands are layered upon one another and bonded together with a moisture-resistant adhesive into large blocks known as billets
In the case of PSL, long strands (longer than those used in LSL) are laid lengthwise in parallel.

strong, heavy, relatively expensive

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7
Q

What are wood i-joists?

A

dimensional lumber with an OSL board in between, used in floors, roofs, etc

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8
Q

What is laminated veneer lumber?

A

an engineered wood product that uses multiple layers of thin wood assembled with adhesives
like plywood but thicker

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9
Q

What are wood plastic composites?

A

weather resistant, less likely to shrink and warp more flexible

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10
Q

What is oriented strand board? What is it used for?

A

strongest & stiffest of nonveneered panels
most common in subfloors and exterior sheathing

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11
Q

What is fiberboard?

A

made from the smallest grain of wood (compared to OSB and particleboard)
best for interior uses
smoothest surface

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12
Q

What are the plywood bond classifications?

A

Exterior - for exterior use
Exposure 1 - can handle some water, etc, but not meant to be exposed to weather long term (95% of plywood)

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13
Q

What is a rim board or band joist

A

Sits on top of the header or floor below or foundation

Seals the open ends o the joists
provides surface for attachment of exterior insulation, cladding, and finish elements

Transfers some of the loads to the floor below

After the attic, this is the most likely place for insulation gaps & air infiltration

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14
Q

Which is stronger, cold rolled or hot rolled steel?

A

Cold rolled steel is stronger than mild steel

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15
Q

depth to span ratio: beam

A

Beam depth is generally 1/20 the span, width is ⅓ the depth

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16
Q

depth to span ratio: girder

A

Girder depth is 1/15 the span, width is ⅓ the depth

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17
Q

depth to span ratio: open web

A

Open web is 1/20 the span
Roofs, lightly loaded floors, or closely spaced can be 1/24 the span

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18
Q

depth to span ratio: steel decking

A

Steel decking depth is 1/40 the span

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19
Q

depth to span ratio: triangular steel truss

A

Triangular steel truss depth is ¼ the span

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20
Q

depth to span ratio: rectangular steel truss

A

Rectangular truss depth is ⅛ the span

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21
Q

What is the rebar naming convention?

A

Rebar # refers to the 1/8ths of an inch in diameter
Ex. #8 rebar is 8/8” or 1” diameter

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22
Q

What are the rebar grades?

A

Grade 60 = 60k PSI, most common
Also comes in 40 & 75, use 75 for columns

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23
Q

What is the correct amount for rebar overlap?

A

Overlap rebar at the ends by 30x the diameter or use reinforcing bar couplers

24
Q

What is prestressed concrete?

A

is substantially “prestressed” (compressed) during production, in a manner that strengthens it against tensile forces which will exist when in service. This compression is produced by the tensioning of high-strength “tendons” located within or adjacent to the concrete

Pre-tensioned - mostly precast concrete

Post-tensioned - mostly cast in place

25
Q

What are the steps to pouring a slab on grade concrete pad?

A
  1. Scrape topsoil off to reveal a more stable subsoil. if the subsoil is not stable you need to truck some in
  2. At least 4” inches of 1.5” crushed stone to make a capillary break. roll out plastic sheet for moisture barrier
  3. Formwork. Edge of metal or wood supported by in-ground stakes
  4. Welded wire reinforcing on chairs or bolsters, or concrete brick to prevent rust moving through
  5. Pour the slab
  6. Scree the slab to make level
  7. Keep damp for atleast a week
    8.Control joints every 15’
26
Q

concrete beam depth & width ratio

A

Width = 3 x height

27
Q

one way slab depth

A

4” - 20” deep, 1/22 the span, post tensioned 1/40 the span

28
Q

two way slab depth

A

5” - 12” deep, 1/30 the span, 1/45 if post tensioned

29
Q

drop panels depth

A

⅓ the span, ½ slab depth

30
Q

waffle slab depth

A

3” - 4.5” (plus depth of dome/pan), 1/24 the span, 1/35 if post tension

31
Q

concrete beams depth

A

1/16 the span, 1/24 if posttension

32
Q

concrete girders depth

A

1/12 the span, 1/20 if posttension

33
Q

What is pre-tensioned pre-cast concrete?

A

compressive stresses induced by high-strength steel tendons in a concrete member before loads are applied will balance the tensile stresses imposed in the member during service

34
Q

What is the modulus of rupture?

A

most important for determining a stones ability to accept metal anchor that hold them to buildings

35
Q

What is flexural strength?

A

most important for stone’s resistance to wind

36
Q

What are the most common CMU dimensions?

A

8 x 8 x 16 or 7 ⅝” x 7 ⅝” x 15 ⅝”

37
Q

How do you avoid water penetration in masonry?

A

Double wythe concrete block with capillary break
Finished with stucco, special paints, or special coatings that provide water resistance
Made with water repellent concrete and water repellent mortar
Use in arid climates

38
Q

what will determine the diameter of a long skinny column?

A

For long and skinny columns that are not placed far apart, the diameter of the column will likely be controlled by buckling rather than the load from above

39
Q

What is a theoretical k value?

A

higher k, more likely to buckle
Multiply by column length
Works for steel or concrete, recommended design k value is for wood

40
Q

What is shear a function of?

A

length squared

41
Q

what is deflection a function of?

A

length cubed

42
Q

what typically controls beam size?

A

bending moment

43
Q

between shear walls, braced frame, and moment resisting frame - what is most and least expensive?

A

shear wall - least expensive
moment resisting frame - most expensive (because you have to put extra bolts on each connection)

44
Q

what is the bending moment formula?

A

M(max bending moment) = (w (load per ft) x L^2)/8

45
Q

what is the max bending stress formula?

A

Fb = M (max bending moment in-lbs)/S (section modulus in^3)

46
Q

What is a LH type steel joist?

A

long span (longer than 96’, depth 18” - 48”)

47
Q

What is a DLH type steel joist?

A

deep long span (150’, depth 52” - 72”)

48
Q

What is a SMRF?

A

special moment resisting frame (SMRF)

Expected to withstand significant inelastic deformations

Typically used in mid/high-seismic regions

49
Q

What is a IMRF?

A

Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame (IMRF)

Expected to withstand moderate inelastic deformations

Typically used in low/mid-seismic regions

50
Q

What is a OMRF?

A

Ordinary Moment Resisting Frame (OMRF)

Expected to withstand limited inelastic deformations

Typically used in non/low-seismic regions

51
Q

What is a K series steel joist?

A

most common, spans up to 60 ft

52
Q

What is a LH series steel joist?

A

longer span

53
Q

What is a DLH series steel joist?

A

“deep longspan” spans the longest

54
Q

What are shear studs?

A

small vertical steel elements that help attach the steel pan to the concrete floor poured above it

55
Q

How are long slender columns most likely to fail?

A

buckling

ARE 5.0 (16 decks)

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