Structure 3

Question 1

Axial Forces:

Tension and Compression

Answer 1

Axial Forces: Axial Forces create a uniform stress distribution across the section of the element

Tension

• The element reacts to the applied forces by stretching
• The material fibres resist the stretching by going into tension
• Any unevenness in the load will tend to be pulled straight

Compression

• Axial force acts in opposite direction to tension
• The element reacts to the applied forces by compressing
• The material fibres resist the stretching by contracting/shortening

Question 2

Material Behaviour

Answer 2

Anisotropic Behaviour

• Different in tension and compression
• Concrete, stone and brickwork are anisotropic

Ductile Behaviour

• Similar in tension and compression
• Steel, aluminium, most metals are ductile

Question 3

Buckling

Answer 3

• Buckling is one of the most important phenomena in structural behaviour
• Buckling failure of an element can occur at much lower levels than the stress at which the material itself crushes
• As the compressive stress is gradually increased, a value is reached at which the column, instead of just axially shortening in length, buckles and deforms perpendicular to its axis

Question 4

Bending Moment and Shear Force Diagrams

Answer 4

Question 5

Bending Moment and Shear Force Diagrams:

UDL

Answer 5