structure and bonding

Question 1

Traits of solids

Answer 1

Very packed together
Cannot flow freely
Can vibrate
Fixed space
Hard to compress

Question 2

Traits of liquids

Answer 2

Not much space between
Hard to compress
Flow freely
Take shape of their container

Question 3

Traits of gases

Answer 3

Widely spaced
Easy to compress
Moves quickly and randomly

Question 4

What has to be given to a solid to be a liquid

Answer 4

Energy so it can break the forces of attraction and move freely as a liquid

Question 5

Stronger the forces of attraction…

Answer 5

More energy needed to be put it, higher melting/ boiling point

Question 6

Limitations of a single particle model

Answer 6

Particles are not a solid sphere
Particles have forces between them

Question 7

metals make..

Answer 7

positive ions

Question 8

non metals make…

Answer 8

negative ions

Question 9

what is ionic between

Answer 9

a metal and a non metal

Question 10

what do ionic compounsds form

Answer 10

giant lattice structures

Question 11

properties of iomic compounds

Answer 11

very strong electrostatic forces of attraction
very high melting and boiling points
cant conduct whilsta solid

Question 12

diagram to show ionic bonding

Answer 12

dots and crosses

Question 13

ionic compound in solution

Answer 13

does conduct
ions can become mobile when separated by water

Question 14

molten ionic compound

Answer 14

does conduct
high temps overcome the strong force
ions can move

Question 15

what is coveylant bonding between

Answer 15

two non metals

Question 16

what happens in coveylant bonding

Answer 16

the two atoms share a pair of electrons, each pair shared is asingle coveylant bind.

Question 17

dif types of bonding models

Answer 17

dot and cross
stick bonds
ball and stick

Question 18

why are smaller coveylant molecules so volatile

Answer 18

because the bond between each bond is very tight however the intermoleculaar force is weak, meaning they are easy to overcome with a raise in temp.
larger the size of the molecule the stronger the forces are

Question 19

do covelylant compounds conduct

Answer 19

no not even as a liquid because there is no electrical charge/ electrons are shared so none are free
unless theyre reacted w water or molten

Question 20

properties of giant coveylant structures

Answer 20

high m and b points
insoluable
hard and dont condutc except graphite

Question 21

formation of diamond

Answer 21

each carbon atom is bonded to 4 others in a huge huge structre

Question 22

why cant diamond/ silicon di conduct

Answer 22

all the electrons are bonded so there are no electrons free to conduct

Question 23

formation of silicon di

Answer 23

silicon and oxygen bonded

Question 24

formation of graphite

Answer 24

carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms

Question 25

properties of graphite

Answer 25

high m and b point soft and slippery v good conductor

Question 26

why is graphite slippery

Answer 26

the bonds are very strongly bonded but they are in layers that are weakly joined so they can easily slide

Question 27

why is graphite a strong conductor

Answer 27

because only three elctrons are bonded there is one delocalised electron that can move freely and conduct

Question 28

why is graphite similar to metal

Answer 28

good conductor of electricity have delocalised electrons

Question 29

whats a fullerene

Answer 29

carbon atoms bonded together in shexagons or pentagons that makes huge hollow shapes

Question 30

what is nanotubes

Answer 30

large cylinder fullerenes

Question 31

properties of nanotubes

Answer 31

very strong and bendable very strong conductor because its bonded like graphite

Question 32

uses of fullerenes

Answer 32

delivery of pharmacuticals into body because of cage structure lubricants- slippery catalysts- high SA/V ratio

Question 33

what is graphene

Answer 33

a single atom thick layer of graphite

Question 34

uses of graphene

Answer 34

very good conductor very strong so can be used for computers and electromics- like a 2d screen

Question 35

what are metal structures like

Answer 35

huge lattice of pos ions as the outer layer of electrons are delocalised and move throughout the pos ions are very compact and regularly arranged

Question 36

what bonds the metal lattice

Answer 36

strong atraction between the positively charged ions and the neg electrons that move

Question 37

why are metals easily bent

Answer 37

the atoms are in layers that can slide

Question 38

what are alloys and what do they do

Answer 38

a mixture of metals that are larger sp they distort the layers and block them from sliding. makes them harder than pure metals

Question 39

uses of metal

Answer 39

cooking stuff because it conducts thermal energy and melts high wires because it conducts electricity

Question 40

properties of metals

Answer 40

high melting and boiling points bc the electrons can move and hold the pos ions greeat conductors becasue of delocalised electrons ductile because layers can slide

Question 41

how do ionic structures work in a liquid for electrolysis

Answer 41

the water molecules have enough enrgy to dissolve them, leaving them free to move and marry their charge- which are attracted to the oposite anode/ cathode

Question 42

what are macromolecules

Answer 42

giant coveylant structures

Question 43

whats an electrostatic force

Answer 43

the force of attraction between pos and neg ions that hold them toegther, as well as the force between protons and electrons in an atom

Question 44

whats an allotrope

Answer 44

substances made from the same element in the same state with dif structures eg graphite and diamond

Question 45

whats a polymer

Answer 45

large molecule made up of lots of smaller units called monomers