Structure and Bonding Flashcards
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding takes place between two nonmetals. They transfer electrons to get full outer shells.
What happens when atoms transfer electrons?
After the transfer ions are left. An ion is an atom with a negative or positive charge due to an imbalance of electrons and protons.
What happens if an atom loses an electron?
If an atom loses an electron it gains a positive charge (positive ion).
What happens if an atom gains an electron?
If an atom gains an electron it gains a negative charge (negative ion).
Describe what happens when a lithium atom reacts with a chlorine atom.
Lithium loses one electron from its outer shell. Chlorine takes this electron to form a full outer shell. Lithium has a 1+ charge and chlorine has a 1- charge.
What is the ionic formula for a compound formed by lithium and chlorine?
The ionic formula is LiCl.
How can you determine the charge of an element in an ionic bond?
Remember: Group 1 = +1 Group 2 = +2 Group 3 = +3 Group 5 = -3 Group 6 = -2 Group 7 = -1.
Why doesn’t Group 4 form ions?
Group 4 doesn’t form ions because it requires too much energy to transfer 4 electrons.
Why doesn’t Group 0 form ions?
Group 0 doesn’t form ions because it already has full outer shells and is stable.
What are the properties of giant ionic substances?
Giant ionic substances have high melting points due to strong electrostatic forces and they only conduct electricity when melted or dissolved.
What happens when ionic compounds are melted or dissolved?
When ionic compounds are melted or dissolved ions are free to move and carry a charge.
What is covalent bonding?
Covalent bonding happens between two nonmetals. They share electrons to gain full outer shells.
What are the types of covalent bonds?
There are three types of displaying covalent bonds: Dot and Cross Display Formula and Molecular Formula.
How are simple molecular structures formed?
Simple molecular structures are formed when atoms share electrons through covalent bonding.
What are the properties of simple molecular structures?
They have low melting points due to weak intermolecular forces and do not conduct electricity as there are no charged particles.
