Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology-DNP > Structure and function of the neuro system > Flashcards

Structure and function of the neuro system Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Skull

A
  • consists of 22 bones
  • adult skull bones are fused together by sutures and immovable fibrous joints
  • foramina (base of skull) allow nerves and blood vessels to transmit between body and brain)
  • Foramina magna-spinal cord exits the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Efferent pathways of PNS

A

-Descending; innervate effector organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Afferent pathways of PNS

A

-Ascending; sensory to spinal column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Spine

A
  • provides attachment for large muscles
  • 24 verebral bones, separated by intervertebral disks and supported at the base of the sacrum
  • sacrum: made of 5 fused vertebrae and ends in the coccyx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A
  • Somatic nervous system
  • autonomic nervous system
  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Brain and brain stem

A

body’s control center consisting of cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brain stem, thalamus, basal ganglia all enclosed in meninges
-divided into three regions: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A
  • Part of the PNS

- Motor and sensory pathways regulate voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Autonomic Nervous system

A

-motor and sensory pathways regulate the body’s internal environment through the involuntary control of organ systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neurons

A
  • primary info and communication cell
  • variable size and structure throughout the nervous system
  • some continue to divide (olfactory) and some die off as not needed
  • contain: microtubules (transport), neurofibrils (structural support), missi substances (protein synthesis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spinal cord

A
  • brain and spinal cord together form the CNS
  • Cauda equina: bundle of nerve roots, located at the base of the spinal column, that connect to the legs, bladder, bowels, and genitals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Components of neuron: Cell body (soma)

A

Cell body

  • located mainly in CNS
  • Nuclei: densely packed cell bodies in CNS
  • Ganglia and plexuses: groups of cell bodies in the PNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Components of neuron: dendrites

A

Dendrites

  • receptive portion of the neuron: sends impulses to the cell body
  • Dendritic zone: is the receptive portion of the neuron that receives a stimulus and continues further conduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cranial nerves

A

-emerge from brain
-12 cranial nerves
1-olfactory
2-optic
3-oculomotor
4-trochlear
5-trigeminal
6-abducens
7-facial
8-vestibulocochlear nerve
9-glossopharyngeal
10-vagus
11-accessory
12-hypoglossal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Components of neuron: axon

A

AXON

  • -carry nerve impulses away from cell body
  • action potentials begin at axon hillock
  • myelin
  • endoneurium
  • neurilemma (schwann sheath)
  • nodes of ranvier
  • saltatory conduction
  • divergence
  • convergence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Three components of neuron

A
  • cell body-soma,
  • dendrite
  • axon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Myelin (axon)

A
  • segmented layer of lipid material insulating substance
  • myelin sheath: entire membrane
  • formed and maintained by the schwann cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Schwann cell (axon)

A

-thin membrane between the myelin sheath and the endoneurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

saltatory conduction (axons)

A

-causes faster transmission by allowing ions to flow between segments of myelin rather than along the entire length of axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sensory neurons

A
  • transmit impulses from peripheral sensory receptors to the CNS
  • Are transmitted via an afferent pathway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Associational or interneurons

A

-transmit impulses from neuron to neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

motor neurons

A
  • Transmit impulses from the CNS to an effector organ

- transmitted via an efferent pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neuroglia

A
  • Support the neurons of the CNS
  • astrocytes
  • oligodendroglia
  • microglia
  • Ependymal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Astrocytes

Study These Flashcards
A

-fill the spaces between neurons and surround the blood vessels in the CNS

24
Q

Oligodentrocytes

Study These Flashcards
A

-deposit myelin within the CNS

25
Microglia
-remove debris in the CNS
26
Ependymal Cells
-line the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filled cavities of the CNS
27
Schwann cells
- also called neurolemmocytes - glial cells that wrap around the cover axons in the PNS - Form and maintain the myelin sheath - myelinated: myelin layer is tightly wrapped many times around the axon, forming nodes of ranvier - increases conduction velocity
28
Synapses
- regions between adjacent neurons - presynaptic (toward) and postsynaptic (away) - Impulses are transmitted by neurotransmitters - Neurotransmitters are formed in the neuron
29
Neurotransmitters
-norepinephrine, acetylcholine, dopamine, histamine, and serotonin
30
Central nervous system (three major divisions of the brain)
- forebrain (two cerebral hemispheres) - midbrain (corpora quadrigemina, tegmenium, cerebral peduncles) - hindbrain (cerebellum, pons and medulla)
31
Brainstem (CNS)
-midbrain, medulla, pons
32
Reticular formation (CNS)
- network of connected nuclei that regulate vital reflexes, such as cardiovascular and respiratory - Maintains wakefulness - together w/ the cerebral cortex is referred to as the reticular-activating system
33
Forebrain (CNS)
- Telecephalon - cerebrum (cerebral cortex and basal ganglia) - Gyri, sulci, fissures - gray matter and white matter
34
Frontal lobe
- Prefrontal (goal oriented behavior, short term or recall memory) - Premotor (motor movement, basal ganglia) - primary motor areas - broca speech area
35
CNS lobes
- parietal lobe (somatic sensory input) - occipital lobe - temporal lobe (primary auditory cortex, wernicke area, long term)
36
Other areas of the CNS
- Corpus callosum - limbic system - diencephalon
37
Limbic system
-primitive behavioral responses, visceral reactions to emotions, motivation, mood, feeding behaviors, biologic rhythms and sense of smell
38
Diencephalon
- epithalamus - thalamus - hypothalamus - subthalamums
39
Sections of spinal cord
- cervical-8 - thoracic-12 - lumbar-5 - sacral-5 - coccygeal-1
40
Protective structures: meninges
- protective membrane that surround the brain and spinal cord - dura mater - periosteum - pia mater - arachnoid
41
Protective structures: spaces: Subdural
-located between the dura and arachnoid space
42
subarachnoid space
-contains CSF and is located between the arachnoid space and pia mater
43
Epidural
-located between the dura mater and skull
44
CSF and the Ventricular system
- clear, colorless fluid like blood plasma and interstitial fluid - circulates between 125-150mL in the ventricles - reabsorbed through the arachnoid villi - exerts pressure w/in the brain and spinal cord - produced by the choroid plexuses in the lateral, third, and fourth ventricle
45
Vertebral column
-contains 33 vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused sacral, and 4 fused coccygeal)
46
Blood supply to the brain
- receives 800-1000mL/min - CO2 is the primary regulator for CNS blood flow - internal corotid and vertebral arteries - Blood brain barrier - arterial circle (circle of willis)
47
Blood supply to the spinal cord
- vertebral arteries - -anterior spinal arteries - -posterior spinal arteries - -branch off the aorta artery
48
Autonomic Nervous System
- located in both the CNS and PNS - coordinate and maintains a steady-state among the visceral (internal organs) - neurons - -preganglionic (myelinated) - -postganglonic (unmyelinated) - Two divisions - sympathetic and parasympathetic
49
sympathetic nervous system
-releases epinepherine and norepinephrine
50
Adrenergic receptors: a-adrenergic receptors
- A1: adrenergic activity | - A2: adrenergic activity
51
A1 Adrenergic activity
- mostly associated w/ excitation or stimulation | - Most common
52
A2 adrenergic activity
-associated w/ relaxation or inhibition
53
B1 adrenergic activity
-increases heart rate and contractility causes the release of renin from the kidney
54
B2 adrenergic activity
facilitates all the rest of the b-adrenergic receptors
55
B3 adrenergic actitivty
-mediates lipolysis and thermogenesis; is upregulated in cardiovascular disease

Anatomy and Physiology-DNP (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions