Structure And Functions In Living Organisms

Question 1

what are the right basic characteristics that all living organisms share

Answer 1

they need nutrition 
they respire 
they respond to Their surroundings 
they move 
they can control their internal conditions 
they reproduce 
they grow and develop

Question 2

Name three organelles (tiny structures within cells e.g cells wall) that are found in both animal and plant cells

Answer 2

Nucleus
cell membrane
cytoplasm

Question 3

Name two organelles that are only found in plant cells and describe their functions

Answer 3

Cell wall ( a rigid structure made of cellulose, which surrounds the cell membrane, it supports the cell and strengthens it .

chloroplasts. used for photosynthesis

vacuole contains cell sap

Question 4

what is a tissue

Answer 4

1. a tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function
2. for example plants have xylem tissue (for transporting water and mineral salts )
3. a tissue can contain more than one cell type .

Question 5

what is a organ ?

what is. a organ system

Answer 5

1. an organ is a group of different tissues that work together to perform a function
2. lungs in mammals and leaves on plants are two examples of organs , they’re both made up of several different tissue types

Question 6

what are plant cell walls made of

Answer 6

Cellulose

Question 7

How do most animals store carbohydrates

Answer 7

they often store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen

Question 8

give two examples of a fungi

Answer 8

Yeast- this is a single celled fungus

Mucor- this is a multi cellular and has a modeling and has a mycelium and hyphae

Question 9

explain what is meant by the term ‘saprotrophic nutrition’

Answer 9

secrete extracellular enzymes into the area outside their body to dissolve their food, so they can then absorb the nutrients

Question 10

give two examples of protoctists

Answer 10

Chlorella

Amoeba

Question 11

give three features of viruses

Answer 11

1) these are particles, rather than cells, and are smaller than bacteria.
2) they can only reproduce inside living cells. organisms that depend on other organisms to live are called parasites
3) they infect all types of living organisms
4) they come on loads of different shapes and sizes.
5) They don’t have a cellular structure - they have a protein coat around some genetic material

Question 12

What are pathogens ? name two pathogens

Answer 12

Pathogens are organisms that cause diseases

examples are fungi , protoctists, bacteria and viruses

Question 13

what is the biological name given to a catalyst

Answer 13

enzymes are catalysts produced by living things

Question 14

What is a catalyst

Answer 14

a catalyst is a substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction

Question 15

what is diffusion

Answer 15

diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 16

what is osmosis?

Answer 16

osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

Question 17

What is active transport

Answer 17

active transport is the movement of particles against a concentration gradient (I.e from an area of lower. concentration to an area of higher concentration) using energy released during respiration