Structure And Organisation Of DNA Flashcards
(12 cards)
State that the base sequence of DNA forms the genetic code.
The order of the bases form the genetic code.
Name the molecules in a DNA nucleotide and identify them in a diagram.
Sugar, phosphate and base.
Name the type of bond on the backbone of the DNA molecule.
Sugar- phosphate bond
Give the names of 4 DNA bases.
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
Describe the base pairing rule for for DNA bases.
A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T) C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G)
Describe the role of hydrogen bonds in the DNA structure.
The nucleic acid bases are paired by hydrogen, bonding in the centre to form a double helix.
State the name of the coiled structure adopted by DNA.
Double Helix
Identify the positions of 3’ and 5’ ends on a DNA strand.
The backbones join so that the 5’ prime nucleotide joins to the 3’ prime carbon of the next.
Describe how 2 strands of DNA align themselves to each other.
The two strands are anti-parallel
Describe the structure of a plasmid and name the types of cells where they are found.
Circular double chains of DNA.
Bacterial Cell
Describe structure of circular chromosomes and identify the location and types of cells where they are found.
Circular chromosomes are DNA which can be found in prokaryote cells, mitochondria, chloroplast
Describe the DNA in linear chromosomes found in nucleus of eukaryote cells.
The DNA found in the linear chromosomes within the nucleus is tightly coiled and packaged around special proteins called histones
