Structure/Function/Disorder

Question 1

Joints

Answer 1

A place where two or more bones connect

Question 2

Osteocytes

Answer 2

Mature bone cells

Question 3

Osteoblasts

Answer 3

Mitotic bone cells

Question 4

Osteoclasts

Answer 4

White blood cells, phagocytic

Question 5

Chondrocytes

Answer 5

Cartilage cells

Question 6

Functions of the skeletal system

Answer 6

1. protection
2. Support
3. Movement
4. Storage
5. Hematopoiesis

Question 7

What is the best protected viscera and the least protected viscera

Answer 7

The best protectived viscera is your brain, the least protected viscera is your skin

Question 8

What helps in movements of the skeletal system

Answer 8

Tendons and ligaments

Question 9

What do bones store

Answer 9

Fat, minerals: calcium and phosphorus

Question 10

What is hematopoiesis

Answer 10

The formation of blood cell production

Question 11

Where is compact bone tissue located in the long bone

Answer 11

Located in the diaphysis around the medullary canal and a thin layer around the outside of the epiphysis

Question 12

Where is spongy bone tissue located

Answer 12

Located in the epiphysis, contains red marrow

Question 13

What type of marrow do children have versus adults

Answer 13

Children have red marrow and medullary cavity because it is hematopiotic in children but it converts the yellow marrow in adults

Question 14

Why is there yellow marrow in the medullary cavity in adults

Answer 14

For storage of fat that provides storage of energy, cushioning
Can convert back if necessary

Question 15

Red marrow in the epiphysis, hematapiotic in adults where?

Answer 15

Head of the femur, crest of the illium, and head of humerus

Question 16

Function of articular cartilage

Answer 16

Covers the epiphysis, cushions the joint

Question 17

Functions of knee joint

Answer 17

Additional pad of cartilage

Question 18

Periosteum

Answer 18

Connective tissue on the outside of the diaphysis

Question 19

Periforating fibers

Answer 19

Connects the periosteum to the Bone

Question 20

Endosteum

Answer 20

Connective tissue, covers the outside of the medullary canal

Question 21

Nutrient foramen

Answer 21

A hole in the bone that allows nutrients arteries / vein to enter

Question 22

What is each unit called in the compact bone tissue

Answer 22

Osteon

Question 23

What is the matrix in the compact bone tissue

Answer 23

Lamella

Question 24

What makes a bone strong

Answer 24

The collagen fibers that alternates in concentric circles around the central canal, and contains calcium and phosphorus

Question 25

Lacunae

Answer 25

Indentations in the lamella where osteocytes stay

Question 26

Canaliculi

Answer 26

Calvaries from the nutrient artery from the vein that radiate out of the central canal through the lamela that and connects each osteocyte, provide nourishment and removes waste from the cells

Question 27

ossification

Answer 27

Process by which bone tissue is produced in areas of connective tissue of the skeleton

Question 28

Endochondral ossification

Answer 28

Bone tissue grows in areas of temporary cartilage, Forms long bones of skeletons

Question 29

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 29

Bone growth in areas of dense fibrous tissue, Forms short, flat and irregular bones

Question 30

Cartilage connective tissue

Answer 30

Cells are chondrocytes, matrix is collagen and elastic fibers

Question 31

Temporary cartilage

Answer 31

Forms the embryonic skeleton, replaced by bone tissue in a process called ossification

Question 32

Permanent cartilage

Answer 32

Presents at birth and remains

Question 33

Examples of permanent cartilage and what is permanent cartilage made out of

Answer 33

articular cartilage, coastal cartilage, tip of nose.

Question 34

Examples of elastic cartilage

Answer 34

External ear

Question 35

Examples of fibrocartilage

Answer 35

Intervertebral disc, meniscus, symphysis pubis

Question 36

What is the first step of the endochondral ossification

Answer 36

Begins in the area of the diayaphsis before birth, a bony collar forms around the diaphysis blocking nutrient supply and cartilage cells die

Question 37

What is the second stage in endochondral ossification

Answer 37

osteoblasts move to the center and are mitotic forming compact bone in the diaphysis

Question 38

What is the third stage of the endochondral ossification

Answer 38

The nutrients artery comes in and brings nutrients to the osteoblasts, brings in white blood cells that will remain in the area or called osteoclasts

Question 39

What is the fourth step of the endocardral classification

Answer 39

The osteoclasts destroy the osteocytes in the center of the diaphysis, which forms the medullary canal, Branches of the nutrient artery enter both ephysis, bone formation begins in the epiphysis with the osteoblast mitosis

Question 40

What is the final step of the endochondral ossification

Answer 40

Only the epiphasil plates contains cartilage until much later in life.

Question 41

What does lack of calcium results in

Answer 41

Fractures

Question 42

What is calcitonin

Answer 42

A hormone that your thyroid gland makes and releases to help regulate calcium levels in your blood by stimulating calcium salt deposit into bone

Question 43

What is parathyroid hormone

Answer 43

parathyroid glands secretion that helps maintain the right balance of calcium in the bloodstream by stimulating osteoclasts to destroy bone releasing calcium into the blood

Question 44

Gigantism

Answer 44

Hypersecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland

Question 45

Dwarfism

Answer 45

Hypo secretion of the pituitary gland, one type only