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STS: Biodiversity and Health society Flashcards

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1
Q

bio means

A

life

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2
Q

diversity means

A

variety

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3
Q

Variety of life present in an ecosystem- from the smallest micro-organism to the largest including the mammals, ecosystems where they live- forests and mountains, rivers and seas.

A

biodiversity

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4
Q

Life on Earth and refers to the variety found ni biota from the genetic makeup of plants and animals to cultural diversity (WHO)

A

biodiversity

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5
Q

Type of biodiversity: The genes are responsible for the living uniqueness of every
organism.

A

Genetic Diversity

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6
Q

Type of biodiversity: The biological variation that occurs within species

A

Genetic Diversity

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7
Q

Type of biodiversity: usually measured in terms of the total number of species found in a particular area

A

Species Diversity

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8
Q

Type of biodiversity: self sustaining collection of organisms and habitat

A

Ecological Diversity

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9
Q

Benefits of Biodiversity to Society

A

Source of biological resources, Regulate ecological processes

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10
Q

biodiversity provides functioning ecosystems that
supplyoxygen, clean air and water, pollination of plants, pest control, wastewater treatment and many
ecosystem services

A

Ecological life support-

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11
Q
  1. Cupressus sempervirens (cypress), Commiphora myrrha (myrrh)
  2. Plant based drugs - cough, colds, inflammation
A

Herbal medicine= 2600 BC

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12
Q

Plant based drugs- gargles, pils, infusion

A

Ancient Egypt and China

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13
Q

Who & when: recorded medical herbs

A

Greeks - 100 BC - 300BC

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14
Q

Preserved western knowledge= treating illinesses

A
  • Dark and Middle Ages (Europe)
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15
Q

diversity of plants in a region

A

Herbal medicine

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16
Q
  1. Aid in childbirth
  2. Protect immune system from respiratory diseases
A

Salvia apiana (California sage

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17
Q
  1. Manna (melizitose and sucrose)
  2. Diuretic, laxative, expectorant, gastroprotective, anti-diarrheal
A

Alhagi maurorum (camel thorn

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18
Q
  1. Uterine disorder
  2. Flatulence, stimulate senses =seed
A
  • Ligosticum scoticum (Scottish lovage)
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19
Q

Used in painkiller

A

Morphine

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19
Q

Used for anti inflammatory = aspirin

A

Salicylic acid

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20
Q

used in congestive heart failure (1700s)

A

Digitoxin

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21
Q

He -found mold to be preventing the bacteria around it from growing.

A

Dr Alexander Fleming (1928)

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22
Q

are used in drug discovery research.

A

Fungi and microorganisms

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23
Q

Norcadicins, carbapenem, monobactams)

A

B lactams

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24
Dry mouth (xerostomia)
Pilocarpine (1994)
25
Sjogren's Syndrome Lacrimal and salivary glands
Lacrimal and salivary glands
26
Quinine is used to treat
* Malaria * Cinchona succirubra Pav. Ex Klotzch
27
What age: hunting and foraging
Stone Age
28
diversity of living organisms consciously managed by the farmer.
* Agrobiodiversity
29
age: survival, protection, cooking, communication
stone age
30
BC: NE China-coal- cooking an d heating
1000 BC
31
BC: Hydro power - irrigation
400 BC
32
AD: China - oil wells, lightning, heating
347
33
Persians- windmill/ water pump
500-900 AD
34
Year: windmills/dutch
1300 and 1390
35
Year: industrial revolution - biomass -> coal coke
1700-1800
36
as a source of light
natural gas
37
Year: Electric generator was developed
1830's
37
year: Commercial oil was drilled: Kerosene and Petroleum
1850's
38
Augustine Mouchot-first solar powered system in industry
1860's
39
Year: geothermal energy
1892
40
Year: Environmental organizations were alarmed on the potential harm to the environment
1973
41
year: nuclear reactor accident (Three Mile Island
1979
42
year: 1980
* Exxon Valdex Oil Spill (Alaska)
43
Year: Coal ash spill (Tennessee * Oil spill (Gulf of Mexico) * Nuclear crisis (Fukushima, Japan)
2000s
44
Who: repercussions of society's demand for clean and abundant energy on biodiversity and human well-being
Nathan Jones, Liba Pejchar, Joseph Keisecker (2015)
45
Created ways of producing energy & Adverse effects on biodiversity
Demand for energy
46
bodies of water
1. Survival 2. Livelihood 3. Irrigation
47
Biodiversity
Filtration 2. Storage 3. Water cycle
48
small amounts of nitrogen and nitrogen oxide can?
Promotes healthy ecosystem Balances biodiversity
49
large amounts of nitrogen and nitrogen oxide can?
1. Diminishes the resilience and cleaning capacity of ecosystem overtime 2. Harmful to vegetation 3. Reduces resilience of the forest to environmental stresses
50
known as bad ozone
ground level ozone
50
Resulted from the reaction of NOx and VOC under the presence of sunlight
Ground level Ozone
50
Polution has :
1. Negative impacts on vegetation reduces the sink capacity of COz and Ozone 2. Increased atmospheric CO, and Ozone 3. Affects global water cycle
50
protects life from UV Rad
stratospheric ozone
50
Water treatment: pollutants on soil
1. Affects water purification 2. Affects soil functioning and processes
50
what are the advantages in the field of agriculture
1. Distributes nutrients on lakes and soils 2. Fills up irrigation channels 3. Long-term effects as it contributes to renewal of wetlands
50
what are the disadvatnages of water storage and flood control in urban areas
1. loss of livelihood 2. damages to private properties transportation
50
It was finalized in 1987, is a global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances
the montereal protocol
50
what are the disadvantages in rural areas
1. loss of livelihood 2. destroy agriculture crops 3. delays harvesting 4. deadly for low-lying areas
50
Protocol: international agreement which aims to ensure the safe handling, transport and use of living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse effects on biological diversity, taking also into account risks to human health.
kyoto protocol
51
Pesticides play an important role in increasing crop yields, but they can also pose hazards to human health and the environment
pesticides
51
these are substances that were commonly used in products such as refrigeratios, air conditioners, fire extinguishers and aerosols
Ozone depleting substances
51
operationalizes the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by committing industrialized countries and economies in transition t o limit and reduce green house gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets.
kyoto protocol 1997
51
helps sustain human life but it can also pose hazards to human health and environment
energy production
51
would encourage greater fuel efficiency and lower carbon dioxide emissions, but it would also increase the price of transportation
increasing taxes on fossil fules

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