Stuarts Pt. I Flashcards
1
Q
What is considered one of the first world wars? Why?
A
Anglo-Spanish War 1585-1604
–> Took place in Europe, Pacific, Atlantic, America, etc.
2
Q
What causes the Anglo-Spanish war of 1585-1604?
A
- English support for the Dutch rebels in 1585
3
Q
In what year did Elizabeth I die?
A
1603
4
Q
Where did Elizabeth I die?
A
Balmoral Castle
5
Q
What deal was made with James Stuart of Scotland (James VI) when Elizabeth was growing sick and dying?
A
- If James made no peremptory moves to seize the English throne, and waited until Elizabeth’s natural death, he would be named King of England.
6
Q
True or False: The issues in James Ists reign effect the Civil War.
A
TRUE
7
Q
How is James I described by historians?
A
-Very unfavourably
- Many say he had a stammer, he was a pedagogue, a buffoon, coward, etc.
8
Q
True or False: Considering James had young men in his court, many believe he was bisexual.
A
TRUE
9
Q
Why was James I called Rex Pacificus?
A
- Because he tried to avoid wars
10
Q
Why was a major reason James I may have been chosen to succeed Elizabeth I on the English throne?
A
- He had 36 years of experience being king of Scotland
- He already had plenty of heirs
11
Q
How long did it take James to travel to London for his coronation?
A
6 weeks
12
Q
How was James I received when he arrived in London?
A
- People cheered
- People were very happy
13
Q
Who was James Ists first wife?
A
Anne of Denmark (future mother of Charles I)
14
Q
Who were James and Anne’s 3 children?
A
- Henry, Prince of Wales (dies in 1612)
- Elizabeth (Queen of Bohemia)
- Charles (Charles I)
15
Q
What was James’ plan for diplomatic marriages during the Thirty Years War?
A
- Marry one off to a Protestant nation
- Marry one off to a Catholic nation
16
Q
In what book did James write for his son about the divine right of kings?
A
Basilikon Doron (1599)
- It explained to his son Henry that Kings were God’s lieutenants on earth
- Also explained that God viewed kings as gods on earth themselves
17
Q
How much debt does James I inherit from Elizabeth?
A
£ 365 000
18
Q
What were some of James’ major building projects?
A
- Banqueting House (Whitehall)
- Queen’s House (Greenwich)
19
Q
Why was James’ court so expensive?
A
- Because he had 3 children and a wife (a lot more expensive to upkeep)
- Ex. The Prince of Wales’ estate alone costed 25 000 £ a year
20
Q
How was Elizabeth in terms of expenditure?
A
- Very stingy with money
- Elizabeth never built anything extra (ex. no palaces, estates, etc.)
21
Q
How did Elizabeth I and James I differ in terms of expenditure?
A
- Elizabeth never spent money on amything extra
- James spent huge ammounts of money on all things, including his court
Example:
Elizabeth’s wartime expenditure was 250 000£
James’ PEACEtime expenditure was 500 000£
22
Q
*** How does James get the money to pay for his expensive court? (4 ways)
A
- Monopolies (Crown would sell monopolies to make money)
- Purveyance (Right of Royal Household to buy things at fixed cost)
- Wardship (selling the rights of wardship to nobles)
- Impositions (The King’s own customs duties)
23
Q
*** Explain and state the significance of John Bate’s Case, 1606
A
- John Bates imported red current berries from Turkey
- King added an imposition on the berries
- Bates refused to pay
- The case was brought to the court of exchequer, but the verdict went in favour of the crown, WITHOUT PARLIAMENTARY CONSENT
24
Q
What was the Great Contract (1610)?
A
- Proposition to Parliament suggested by Sir. Robert Cecil
- To get around the feud between King and Parliament, he declares that the king will give up Purveyance and Wardship if Parliament gives him 200 000 £ a year to fund the Royal Household
25
How is Cecil's Great Contract proposition received by Parliament?
- Parliament rejects it
- So, James I dissolves Parliament
26
What is one thing James I create to raise more money?
Selling of Baronets, 1611:
- James comes up with a new title for commoners, called "Baronets"
- Not a nobleman, not a pier, but it is some king of rank
- It is the lowest rank of hereditary title, but you could call yourself and your kids, "Sir"
- James sold these titles for money
27
What happens to the price of Baronet titles after James creates them?
1611: £1095 to purchase the title of Baronet
1622: Drops to £220
28
Describe the Ancient Constitution:
- A new view of how power had developed in England itself
- Sir Edward Coke, a legal scholar, said that the idea of the Ancient constitution is that the power of a king is a more recent phenomenon
- He claimed that parliament and common law pre-dated kings
- This is a myth
- “Norman Yoke” (1066) he claimed that before 1066, Anglo-Saxon England predated kingship with common law
29
What does James do about England and the Thirty Years War?
He keeps England OUT of the Thirty Years War
30
Explain James Ists religious sentiments:
- He starts off Presbyterian
- But, when he gets to England, he finds Presbyterianism to be not hierarchical enough for him
- But, he was more liberal towards Catholics, allowing them to practice it, as long as they performed outward Protestant conformity
31
Explain the Hampton Court Conference, 1604:
- James' meeting with Protestant Puritans and Bishops of the Church of England
- Puritans are mad since James wants a hierarchical Church
- Catholics are disappointed with the lack of toleration they get
- Overall, this shows that his religious policy is very similar to Elizabeth’s, and he disappoints both extremities of religious advocates
32
When was the infamous Gunpowder Plot?
5th November 1605
33
What was the goal of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605?
- Blow up parliament
- kidnap the princess, James’ daughter
- Raise her Catholic, and make her the new Catholic monarch
34
How did the Gunpowder Plot fail?
- One of the conspirators, whose brother was in the House of Lords, sent his brother a letter to tell him not to show up to parliament
- The authorities caught on, and captured many conspirators, notably Guy Fawkes
35
Why is the Gunpowder Plot important?
- Served as another example of perceived Catholic treachery (another example of why people mistrusted Catholics)
36
Who is the monarch with the greatest appreciation of art to ever sit on the throne of England?
Charles I
37
True or False: Charles was not supposed to be king:
TRUE
His brother Henry died of typhoid in 1612
38
Describe Charles Ists personality:
- Awkward personality (not very personable)
- Incapable of changing his mind
39
Who were Charles Ists 3 artists?
- Inigo Jones
- Peter Paul Rubens
- Anthony van Dyck
40
Upon inheriting Richmond palace from his father James, what did Charles I do?
- He built walls around it
- This reflected the divide between jom and his people
41
True or False: Charles I often went out with his wife, Henrietta Maria, to greet people in public.
FALSE
Charles NEVER did this
His brother Henry, had, however
42
Under which two English kings's rule does the Thirty Years War occur in Europe?
James VI/I and Charles I
43
What shows that the Thirty Years war is NOT solely a religious war?
France's participation on the Protestant side
44
The Bohemians made Frederick king in 1619. How did this effect England?
1. Because this made James Ists daughter, Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
2. James was outraged because he was not consulted on this kingly appointment
45
What is the "Spanish Match"?
- With the issues with Elizabeth and Frederick, James wanted his son to marry someone to appease the angry Catholic Nations
- So, Charles is planned to marry the infanta Maria of Spain
- This occurs in 1623
46
Who was the closest friend of Charles I?
George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham
47
What did Charles do to ruin the Spanish Match?
- Charles brought the Duke of Buckingham and disguised themselves to meet the Infanta Maria in Spain as a romantic gesture
- But, they are caught by Spanish authorities trying to climb the garden wall at the infanta's palace
48
Why were Charles and Buckingham popular upon returning home to England?
- Because most in England were glad that the marriage to a Catholic princess was annulled because of Charles' recklessness
- This was perhaps the only time Charles was popular amongst his people
49
Perhaps out of spite and embarrassment, what do Charles and Buckingham do upon returning home to England after botching the Spanish Match?
- They immediately head the War Party for England to go to war against Spain
50
In what year did James I/VI die?
27th March 1625
51
Who orchestrated Charles' marriage with Henrietta Maria? Why?
- Duke of Buckingham
- Since England was now at war with Spain, an alliance with France was a good idea
52
True or False: Henrietta Maria had to get the Pope's permission to marry Charles I
TRUE
53
True or False: The English people were happy with the marriage of Henrietta Maria.
FALSE
They were not any happier with this marriage than they were with the last one
54
What were the SECRET provisions made with Charles and Henrietta's marriage?
1. They agree secretly to raise their children Catholic
2. Charles lifts all penalties on English Catholics
55
In what year did Charles I become king?
1625
56
When was the Anglo-Spanish War under Charles?
1625 to 1630
57
Why does the Anglo-Spanish War go so terribly for the English?
- Parliament only gives the King 200 000£ (not nearly enough)
- Cadiz Expedition 1625: English Land/Naval disaster against the Spanish
58
Why did the English lose so bad at Cadiz in 1625?
- The English drank too much wine, since they didn't have any drinking water, so they got drunk
- The Spanish routed them
- 2000 English sailors died
59
Why is Buckingham blamed for the Cadiz Disaster?
- He was Admiral of the Navy
- It was HIS idea
- He was the one in charge of supplying the navy, which he failed to do properly
- Many people were more comfortable blaming the king's advisors, NOT the king himself.
60
True or False: George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham was from lower birth, and made his way up.
TRUE
61
What happened at the 1626 Parliament?
- Charles took the blame upon himself for the Cadiz Expedition
- Charles dissolves Parliament
62
What was the Forced Loan?
- Parliament won't give Charles money since he dissolved it, so, he demands forced loans from his subjects
- This still doesn't give him enough money to fight Spain
63
What was the Five Knights Case, 1627?
- Five Knights (Gents) refused to pay Charles' forced loan
- So, Charles imprisons them
- The Five Knights demand Habeas Corpus
- In the ensuing court case, the court ended up in favour of the King, keeping the 5 men in prison
64
Why was the Five Knights Case significant?
- Shows breakdown between the groups of relation (ex. gentry) and the King
- Raises questions about the rights of Englishmen against the King’s power
65
What 4 points were included in the petition of right?
1. Nobody can be forced to pay a tax NOT authorized by Parliament
2. Habeas Corpus
3. No billeting of armed forces without consent of homeowner
4. No civilian is subject to Martial Law
66
Why does Charles dissolve the 1628 Parliament?
To stop them from impeaching Buckingham
67
Who assassinated the Duke of Buckingham?
John Felton, an angry army officer
68
What happens at the 1629 Parliament?
- Charles asks for more money
- Parliament lectures Charles on preserving the rights of Englishmen
- Charles tells Parliament that their only use is to give him money
- Parliamentarians rush to hold down the speaker of the house when Charles orders him to dissolve parliament
69
What does MP Sir. John Elliot declare at the 1629 Parliament?
- Those who pay illegal (i.e the King's) taxes
- Those who advise the king to raise illegal taxes
- Those who seek religious innovations (Arminians)
ARE TO BE DECLARED ENEMIES OF THE STATE
70
How long did Charles' personal rule last?
11 years
71
In what years did Charles' personal rule occur?
1629-1640
72
Where geographically in England were most Puritans located?
South-East
73
Who inspired the Puritans?
Scottish Presbyterians
74
Who rooted out the Puritans?
Archbishop Laud
75
Where do many Puritans flee when rooted out by Laud?
- Netherlands
- New World
---> This is known as the "Exodus of Puritans"
76
Who were the Arminians?
- Followers of the Dutch theologian, Jacob Arminius
- Anglicans who want to bring back some aspects of the Catholic Church
- In particular, hierarchy, rituals, sacraments, and salvation influence by God
77
True or False: Charles I himself was even an Arminian.
TRUE
78
What was the main thing Jacob Arminius preached?
- That God's will, can also influence salvation (not just predestination)
79
Who quickly becomes one of the most hated figures in the English clergy?
Archbishop William Laud
80
What did Laud do?
- Enforced orthodoxy and uniformity in the English clergy
- Sends out commissioners to every single church to make sure they are worshipping in the right way
- Roots out all Puritans (and everyone else who were against church hierarchy)
81
What did the Puritans reject?
Church hierarchy
