Study guide chapter 2

Question 1

Aggregate muscle action

Answer 1

muscles work in groups instead of independent for ROM

Question 2

flat muscles

Answer 2

thin/broad, spread forces
ex: rectus abdominis

Question 3

fusiform muscles

Answer 3

spindle shaped: focus power on small bony parts
Ex; Biceps

Question 4

strap muscles

Answer 4

muscles arranges in tight parraell manner
ex: satoris

Question 5

radiate muscles

Answer 5

triangle/fan shaped muscles combines flat and fusiform and ex is pectorals major

Question 6

intrinsic VS extrinsic

Answer 6

pertaining to muscles belong to body part on which they act VS pertains to muscles that arise outside of the body part when they act

Question 7

irritability / excitability

Answer 7

sensitive or responsive to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli

Question 8

innervation

Answer 8

segment of NS res for providing stimulus to muscle fibers

Question 9

Amplitude

Answer 9

range of muscle fiber length

Question 10

Fascia

Answer 10

sheet or band of connective tissue that binds body parts together

Question 10

tendon

Answer 10

fibrous connective tissue, connects muscles to bones and other structures

Question 11

Retinaculum

Answer 11

band of tissue that holds tendons in place around joints

Question 12

Iso kinetic

Answer 12

dynamic exercise using con and ecc contractions

Question 13

synergist

Answer 13

assist in action of prime mover ( agonist )

Question 14

Neutralizers

Answer 14

counteract/neutrilize action of another muscle to prevent injury

Question 15

basal ganglia

Answer 15

next lower level of control, controls posture/equilibrium and movements like driving

Question 16

cerebellum

Answer 16

major integrator of sensory impulses, provide feedback and timing/ intensity

Question 16

cerebral corrtex

Answer 16

highest level of control, create voluntary movement

Question 17

brain Stem

Answer 17

interagier all CNS activity / arousal or wakeful state

Question 18

dermatome

Answer 18

defined area of skin supplied by specific spinal nerve

Question 19

Myotome

Answer 19

muscles supplies by specific spinal nerve

Question 20

dendrites

Answer 20

extension of nerve cell, receives impulses

Question 21

axon

Answer 21

elongated projection that transmits impulses away from cell body

Question 22

Kinesthesis

Answer 22

awareness of position and movement in space

Question 22

Proprioception

Answer 22

internal receptors which provide feedback to tension, state of muscles, or position of body

Question 23

pacinian VS rffinis corpuscles

Answer 23

concentrated around joint, ligaments , tendons, and rapid changes activity VS deep layers of skin and joint activated by strong sudden movements

Question 24

all or none principle

Answer 24

individual muscle fibers within motor unit will fire/ contract or won't

Question 25

Sub threshold threshold submaximal maximal

Answer 25

-not strong enough action potential for contraction -1 motor unit will fire/ contacts - produce action in motor UNITS - produce action in ALL motor units

Question 26

latent period contraction phase relaxation phase

Answer 26

- period of MS following stimulus - muscles fibers begin contracting lasting 40 MS - follows contraction last 50 MS

Question 27

active tension

Answer 27

tension while contraction

Question 28

stretch shortening cycle

Answer 28

sequence and timing of contractions enhance total amount of force produced

Question 29

muscle nomenclature

Answer 29

visual appearance anatomical location function

Question 29

reciprocal inhibition

Answer 29

force generated when muscle is stretched

Question 30

active VS passive insufficiency

Answer 30

muscle becomes shortnend so it doesn't maintain active tension VS opposing muscle becomes stretched to a point where it can no longer lengthen

Question 30

4 things mussels provide

Answer 30

protection dynamic stability posture/support produce body heat