Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals of Management > Study Guide Exam 1 > Flashcards

Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Management

A

the pursuit of organizational goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of Management

A

Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Planning

A

Identifying goals, establishing objectives, and implementing action plans within the constraints of the organization. As a manager, you need to be aware, not only, of what ultimate goals you are working toward, but also how you want to try to achieve them. This is the starting point of the management process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organizing

A

Delegation of tasks to different individuals and work groups. Understanding which employees or groups have the skillsets to accomplish tasks in the most efficient and effective manner possible is imperative from a strategic standpoint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Leading

A

Motivating and directing employees towards the achievement of organizational goals. The ability to get the most out of your employees can separate the successful managers from the failures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Controlling

A

Measuring the performance of employees and work groups against established standards. Are employees living up to expectations from supervisors and consumers in regards to different measurables like quality? If your organization isn’t where you expect to be, we go back through our process and tweak as needed, beginning with the planning function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Levels of Management

A

Top, Middle, First-Line, Board of directors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Manager’s Skills

A

Conceptual, Technical, Human, Soft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Conceptual

A

Conceptual skills are often the “bird’s eye view,” where managers need to think analytically, understand the how an organization best functions and fit the overall puzzle pieces together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Technical

A

specific knowledge needed to perform a specialized skill.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Human

A

or interpersonal skills, basically describe working with people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Manager’s Roles

A

interpersonal, informational, decisional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Interpersonal

A

this includes being a leader, a figurehead or a link between internal and external constituents. The interpersonal category is really about channeling information and ideas throughout the organization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Informational

A

managers monitor teams and people, communicate information and acting as a spokesperson. The informational category is mostly concerned with information processing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Decisional

A

which involves the use of provided information. Here, managers might be change makers, problem fixers, negotiators and resource allocators.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Classical

A

workers were seen as parts of equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Henri Fayol

A

The architect of administrative Science (Planning, organizing, leading and controlling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Max Webber

A

introduced the termbureaucracyto be a rational, efficient, merit-based and logical organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Soldiering

A

People who aren’t working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fredrick Taylor

A

wrote Scientific Management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gilbreaths

A

(Time/Motion) studied their children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hugo Munsterberg

A

introduced business psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mary Parker Follett

A

introduced business sociology - allowed for cooperation and shared communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Elton Mayo

A

Research - Hawthorne Effect - employees are social beings who seek attention from their supervisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Human Relations

A

other theories didn’t get into was the individual motivation and needs of people in the workplace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Maslow

A

Hierarchy of needs Pyramid top down…(Self actualization, Esteem, Love/Belonging, Safety, Physiological)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

McGregor

A

Theory X, Theory Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Systems View

A

organization is a set of interrelated parts (Input, Processing, Output Feedback)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Contingency

A

contingency perspective assumes that the external environment is constantly changing, whether due to competition or customer preferences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

TQM

A

Total Quality Management - continuous improvement (quality control and quality assurance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Define Ethics

A

the branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Define Business Ethics

A

What is the study of proper business policies and practices regarding potentially controversial issues?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Values

A

important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Morals

A

The beliefs that guide individual conduct within society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Attitudes

A

What are our predispositions to respond positively or negatively toward something?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Ethical Dilemmas

A

What is a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two courses of action, either of which entails violating a moral principle?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Stakeholders

A

different people and groups that are affected by an organization’s activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Internal

A

the individuals inside an organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

External

A

Who are individuals or groups outside of the organization that are indirectly affected by the actions and decisions an organization and its employees make?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Task

A

the organization is reliant on these groups to acquire materials or funding to complete the tasks they are in business to perform (customers, suppliers,allies,financial institutions,special interest groups,communities, social & mass media)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

General

A

Little or no control (Demographics, Legal,Technology,international, economic, socio cultural)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Kohlberg

A

The process of growth in moral reasoning through experience and maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Preconventional –

A

Children under 9 and adult criminals - stage 1 & 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Heteronomous Morality

A

Stage 1, avoid punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Individuality

A

Stage 2 - Follow rules to achieve one’s own interests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Conventional –

A

Most adolescents Low to mid-level managers

47
Q

Mutual Expectations and Relationships

A

Stage 3 - follow the golden rule - recognize others feelings

48
Q

Social System and Conscience

A

Stage 4 - Adhere to laws and contribute to groups

49
Q

Postconventional –

A

Only reached by some

50
Q

Social Contract and Individual Rights

A

Stage 5 - awareness of others values

51
Q

Universal Ethics (internalized principles)

A

Stage 6 - guided by internal individual principles

52
Q

Social Intuition (Model)

A

Triggering event, intuition, judgement, reasoning

53
Q

Approaches

A

Consequentialist, Deontological, Virtue

54
Q

Consequentialist

A

This approach asks the decision-maker to identify the different alternative actions as well as the consequences attached to those actions

55
Q

Utilitarian

A

choose the option that creates the greatest good for the greatest number of people

56
Q

Deontological

A

based on the belief that society has (or should have) several universal principles and that each of us has a duty to uphold them

57
Q

Virtue

A

virtue approach focuses on the integrity of the decision maker instead of the action or its impending consequences

58
Q

Billington’s Elements of Ethical Choice

A

Dealing with questions of ethics is unavoidable, ethical decisions involve other people, not all decisions have ethical implications, there are no final answers to ethical decisions, a central element fo ethics is choice, aim is to discover the correct form of behavior for athe given situiations

59
Q

Ethical Climate

A

how an organization handles motives, pressures, and its surrounding environment that may affect its overall culture

60
Q

Code of Ethics

A

written set of standards to guide employees of how they should behave

61
Q

Corporate Governance

A

a need tomake sure the interests of the organization, it’s owners, and other stakeholders are being safeguarded

62
Q

Sarbanes-Oxley

A

created required guidelines for public companies to follow in regards to financial record keeping

63
Q

Whistleblower

A

mployees who disclose information that s/he reasonably believes is evidence of illegality, gross waste or fraud, mismanagement, abuse of power, general wrongdoing, or a substantial and specific danger to public health and safety

64
Q

CSR

A

Corporate Social Responsiblilty

65
Q

Diversity

A

all of the similarities and differences among employees in terms of age, cultural background, physical abilities and disabilities, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation

66
Q

Social Categorization

A

person perception, social identification, social comparison

67
Q

Person Perception

A

he first thing you do when seeing anything, or anyone, is to take notice of the most salient things about whatever, or whoever, it is you are seeing. It is these most important or noticeable aspects that trigger the first step in the process

68
Q

Social Identification

A

ou then identify how you see yourself. Just as you have classified others in a particular group, you do the same for yoursel

69
Q

Social Comparison

A

begin to create emotions and feelings toward other groups and people that you perceive as being different than ourselves

70
Q

Dimensions of Diversity

A

Gardenswartz and Rowe’s Diverseity Wheel

71
Q

Internal Dimensions

A

Age, Gender, Sexual orientation, physical ability, ethnicity, race

72
Q

External dimensions

A

geographic location, income, personal habits, recreational habits, religion, educational background, work experience, appearance, parental status, marital status

73
Q

Organizational Dimensions

A

Functional Level, work content/field, division/department/group,Seniority, work location, Union or political affiliation, management status

74
Q

Barriers to Diversity

A

stereotypes, prejucice, bias

75
Q

Fear of Discrimination

A

angst associated with diversity

76
Q

Lack of Support

A

many female employees are disadvantage related to childcare, maternity…

77
Q

Organizational Culture

A

made up of all of the shared assumptions, values, and beliefs that make up the unique social and psychological environment of an organization

78
Q

Competing Values Framework

A

allows you to determine, based on your organizational preferences, what type of culture fits your organization so you can help to make sense of how you operate; and how best to lead and change within your organization

79
Q

Dimensions

A

Flexibilty/Stability vs Internal/External orientation

80
Q

Types

A

Clan, Hierarchila, adhocracy, market

81
Q

Clan

A

collaboration

82
Q

Hierarchical

A

Control

83
Q

Adhocracy

A

Creation

84
Q

Market

A

Competition

85
Q

Levels

A

observable artificats, expoused/enacted values,basic assumptions

86
Q

Observable artifacts

A

what we can actually see, hear, and touch in an organization

87
Q

Espoused/Enacted Values

A

hese values are very explicit, taught to every employee in orientation and training about how they would prefer the employees to act or make decisions

88
Q

Basic (underlying) Assumptions

A

basic assumptions, based on the core values of an organization, which are taken for granted and occur mostly unconsciously

89
Q

Learning Culture

A

Formal & Informal

90
Q

Formal

A

Hiring and selection, policies, orientation and training, performance management, authority structure

91
Q

Informal

A

Norms, rituals, myths and stories, symbols, language and communication

92
Q

Globalization (pros and cons)

A

the trend of the world economy toward becoming a more interdependent system

93
Q

Importing/Exporting

A

buying from other countries, selling to other countries

94
Q

Licensing and Franchising

A

copany pays a fee to distribute a firms roduction, payse a fee and share of profit in return for use of brand name and package of materials & services

95
Q

Joint Ventures

A

formed with a foreign company to share risks and rewards of starting a new enterprise together

96
Q

Foreign Subsidiary

A

riskiest, totally owned and controlled by an organization

97
Q

Trade Blocs

A

group of countries that are a part of a trade agreement

98
Q

IMF

A

International Monetary Fund, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade

99
Q

World Bank

A

provides low interest loans and grants to developing countries

100
Q

GATT

A

General agreement on tarrifs and trade

101
Q

WTO

A

World Trade Organization

102
Q

Limitations to Trade

A

procetionism, tariff, duties, quotas, dumping

103
Q

Protectionism

A

utilized by many nations to protect their domestic products and industries from foreign competition

104
Q

Tariff

A

a tax imposed on imported goods or services

105
Q

Duties

A

the amount of tax money actually paid on imported products

106
Q

Quotas

A

a physical limit on the amount of a product that can be imported over a period of time

107
Q

Dumping

A

exportation of a product at prices lower that home market prices

108
Q

Expatriate

A

if you are tasked with managing on foreign soil, you are known as an

109
Q

Management Styles

A

ethnocentric, polycentric, geocentric

110
Q

Ethnocentric

A

The belief in the superiority of a person’s native ethnic group or nation.

111
Q

Polycentric

A

The belief that locals of the host country know their culture better and should run the business accordingly.

112
Q

Geocentric

A

the belief in an integration of a global orientation to management

113
Q

Geert Hofstede (dimensions)

A

Power distance, individualism vs collectivism, masculinity vs femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term versus short-term orientation, indulgence versus restraint

114
Q

Globe dimensions

A

Performance orientation, assertiveness, future orientation, humane orientation, institutional collectivism, in-group collectivitsm, gender egalitarianism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance

Fundamentals of Management (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions