Study Questions - Dr. Heard (5Q)

Question 1

Salivary glands of birds are:

a. absent in the oropharynx
b. abundant and prominent around the base of the tongue
c. most developed in carnivorous birds
d. most developed in cormorants
e. located in the upper esophagus

Answer 1

b. abundant and prominent around the base of the tongue

Question 2

The crop:

a. is a dilation of the proventriculus
b. is also called the ingluvies
c. normally has alkaline luminal contents
d. normally has a gram-negative flora in psittacines
e. is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 2

b. is also called the ingluvies

Question 3

The ventriculus:

a. contains a cuticle (the koilin layer) f the surface of its epithelium
b. is most well-developed in fish eating birds
c. is a dilation of the esophagus
d. requires grit for normal function in granivorous birds
e. secretes pepsin but no mucus

Answer 3

a. contains a cuticle (the koilin layer) f the surface of its epithelium

Question 4

The proventriculus:

a. is well demarcated from the esophagus
b. primarily functions as a mechanical digester
c. contains a cuticle (the koilin layer) f the surface of its epithelium
d. primarily functions to produce and release pepsin, HCl and mucus
e. has a lower intraluminal pH in owls than in hawks

Answer 4

d. primarily functions to produce and release pepsin, HCl and mucus

Question 5

The colorectal of parrots is:

a. is an important source of VFAs
b. important for reabsorption of water from urine
c. the entry site for the ureters
d. the anatomical site for the bursa of fabricius
e. important for reabsorption of albumin from the urine

Answer 5

b. important for reabsorption of water from urine