Study Unit 11 Flashcards

(43 cards)

1
Q

IT

A

study, design, development, application, implementation, support/mgt of computer based IS

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2
Q

Hardware

A

any physical items that comprises a computer system

-monitor, keyboard, mouse, microchips, disk drive (anything that can be touched)

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3
Q

Software

A

combo of programs (manipulate data) and instruct hardware

  • provides instruction to hdwr; serves as input to other software
  • intangible
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4
Q

Network

A

collection of hdwr devices interconnected to communicate among themselves
-share and communicate data (internet, intranet)

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5
Q

Data

A

info stored in hdwr

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6
Q

BIS

A

business info system in any combo of hdwr, sftwr, data, ppl, procedures employed to pursue org obj

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7
Q

Strategic roles of BIS suppor

A

business processes and ops
DM (create A/R aging report to know customer’s credit)
mgrs in future planning

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8
Q

Stakeholders

A

those who affect or are affected by output of IS

  • interest in effective and efficient functioning
  • mgrs, employees, suppliers, customers
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9
Q

RSS

A

rich site summary
allows content of website w/frequent changes to be pulled and fed to user’s computer
-saves time

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10
Q

cloud computing

A

apps and data stored on internet

advantage

  • low infrastructure and maint costs
  • more mobility
  • less personnel and utility costs

disadvantage

  • less ctrl
  • more difficult to ensure privacy/security
  • less compatible with existing tools/sftwr
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11
Q

TPS

A

most common type of system used in BIS
trans is single discrete event that can be stored in IS (movement of RM from storage to production, issue PO, sale)
captures data that reflects economic life of org (example- AIS)

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12
Q

Transaction processing modes

A

way system updated with new data

  • batch
  • online
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13
Q

Centralized IT Structure

A
central location
users connect to mainframe via "dumb terminals" (monitor and keyboard combo w/o processing pwr)
adv
-consistent processing 
-better more efficient security
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14
Q

Decentralized IT structure

A

each branch stores and processes data onsite and transmits results overnight to mainframe at home office

adv

  • more accountability over data process
  • no bottlenecks of traffic over ntwk
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15
Q

Data capture

A

entering data into IS
two types
-batch-group of records at one time
-online- single records w/ user getting immediate feedback

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16
Q

POS trans help mgt

A
ID and respond to trends
make sales forecasts
determine product demand
improve customer svc
target products to customer from different demos
evaluate effects of promotions
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17
Q

Processing

A

convert raw data into usable info

performed by hdwr and sftwr

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18
Q

Types of data files

A

master- static (vendor #, name, address) or volatile (general ledger file-holds balances of all accts in ledger)

transaction- reflect ongoing business activity, indiv purchases from vendors or general j.e.

19
Q

REA Processing

A

Resources, Events, Agents processing
uses double entry (debit and credit) by single entry
uses relational database to store/process trans
each trans (event) stored in table chron and linked to other table with trans details
process thru queries to table
-calculate sales for pd by summing and AR balance for pd end by summing

20
Q

REA

advantages vs disadvantages

A

advantages

  • debits & credits not considered
  • no GL is maintained, balances calculated thru queries
  • ad hoc reports easily produced (list of customers who purchased products bet certain dates)

disadvantage

  • costly
  • lots of computer storage and processing needed
  • accountants and auditors unfamiiar, training needs are high and acceptance may be low
21
Q

Push reporting

A

electronic distribution of reports digitally to personnel

22
Q

MIS

A

receives input from trans processing systems, aggregates it, report in form for mgt
classified by function or activity

-acctg, finance, mfg, logistics, mkting, HR

23
Q

stovepipe systems

A

single function systems
limited focus
being replaced by integrated systems linking multi business activities, most cmprehensive is ERP

24
Q

AIS

A

subsystem of MIS
processes routine, highly structured financial/trans data relevant to mgrl/financial acctg

concern

  • trans w/ ext parties (follow GAAP)
  • internal activies in cost acctg systems, prep of related report/analyses (pro forma, budget)
25
ERP
manage org resources integrate enterprise wide info systems into 1 database linked to all org's apps subsumes traditional MISs subsystem shares data to coordinate activities disadvantage -extent, complexity makes implementing difficult and $$$$
26
Back office functions
subsystem of ERP internal to org | info primariy for internal use
27
Front office functions
connect org with customers, suppliers, owners, creditors
28
Data Warehouse
central dbs for trans level data from more than 1 of org's TPS - only query and reporting system, not used for routine ops - gets input from various TPSs in org
29
OLAP
online analytical processing graphic tool that can access data warehouse important component is drill down analysis
30
data mining
search for unexpected relationships among data
31
DSS
Decision Support System interactive system in solving semistructured problems -those w/ structured portion and unstructured portion doesn't automate a decision; examines relevant data and present mgr with alt courses of action
32
3 basic components of DSS
dtbs -consists of raw data relevant to decision; data from w/in and outside org model- set of eqns, comparisons, graphs, conditions, assumptions, into which data will be fed dialog-user interface that allows user to specify appropriate model and set of data to which model applied
33
GDSS
group DSS that aids in collab soln of unstructured problems
34
AI
comp sftwr to perceive, reason, understand | work thru if/then ?s for 2 possible outcomes (Y/N, on/off, etc.)
35
Advantage of AI
work 24 hrs/day will not become ill, die, or quit fast processers of data
36
Types of AI
neural, case-based reasoning system, rule-based expert systems, intelligent agents, expert systmes
37
Neural networks
collection of processing elements work together to process info like a brain; can learn from previous situations
38
Case-based reasoning
process similar to that used by human to learn from prvs similar experiences
39
Rule-based expert systems
function on basis of set rules to arrive at answer; can'tn be changed by system, only changed by outside source
40
Intelligent agents
apply builtin or learned knowledge base to perform specific, repetitive, predictable task
41
Expert system
interactive system attempts to initiate reasoning of human expert in a field
42
ESS
Exec Support System, info w/in and outside org high level DM get info need to set, monitor progress toward org's LT objectives -assists DM in nonroutine trans -provides info about activities of competitors
43
Business Intelligence
gives upper mgt info to know where org is and how to steer in the right direction -immediate info on critical success factors replaces older ESS model bar graphs, pie charts, etc uses data from w/in and outside org