Study Unit 12 Flashcards
(41 cards)
Operating system
negotiates conversation bet hardware, app user runs, and data app works with
-Windows, OS X
Utility programs
performs basic functions that are not particular to a certain application and file access ctrl
-copy, delete, merge
App software
programs tell computer steps user wants carried out; purchase from vendor or developed internally
1st gen language
machine language
binary code unique to each type of computer
understood by computer
3rd gen language
procedural or programming language
English like words/phrases represent multiple machine language instructions; easier to learn
converted to machine language by compilation or interpretation
-COBOL, BASIC, C AND C++, Java
4th gen language
problem oriented or nonprocedural
permit nonspecialized user to describe problem to and receive guidance from computer rather than specify a procedure (CAAT)
-IDEA, ACL
HTML vs XML vs XBRL
HTML- authoring software language to create & link sites
XML-open std usable w/ many programs and platforms
XBRL- extensible business reporting language
-developed by AICPA led consortium for commercial and industrial entities that report using GAAP
-variation of XML, decrease costs of generating fin reports, reformulate for diff users, sharing business info using e-media
bit vs byte
field vs record vs key vs file
0 or 1
byte- 8 bits
field- data item contains info about entity; group of bytes
record- group of fields
key- field or combo of fields on each record; must contain enough info to ID each record (no 2 records with the same key)
-allows for sorting and efficient managing
file- group of records
flat files
oldest file structure, records continuously stored
Hierarchical (tree) database
records form branches and leaves from a root
Relational Databases
have cardinality and referential integrity
cardinality-proximity of data element is to being unique (normal when d.e. isn’t unique but has restricted range of values, low when small range of values, T/F)
referential integrity- to enter record to in table, must be a record in some other table
advantage- ease of search
Object Oriented Databases
response to need to store graphics and multimedia apps used by object oriented programming languages, C++ and Java
-translating this into tables and rows is hard
DBMS
database mgt systems
integrated set of software tools imposed on data files that maintain integrity of underlying db
-maint of relational db practical
allows programmers and designers to work indep of physical and logical structure of db
schema
layouts of tables and constraints on entering new records
DBMS automates process of enforcing the schea
2 vital parts of DBMS
data definition lang- user can specify how table will look & kinds of data elements will hold
data manipulation- adds, deletes, modifies records and data elements
data dictionary
physical and logical charact of every data element in a db
contains size, format, usage, meaning, ownership, of every data element and what person, etc use data element
distributed database
stored in 2 or more physical sites
- replication (snapshot) DBMS duplicate whole db & sends to multiple location; changes periodically copied and distributed
- fragmentation (partitioning) records stored where most needed; info retrieved via comm lines
Organizational needs assessment
study/evaluation of how IS deploy to help org meet its goals; steps in assessment
- determine if systems support org goals
- determine needs unmet by current systems
- determine capacity of current systems to accommodate projected growth
- propose path for IS deployment to achieve org goals w/in budget constraints
business process
flow of actions performed on goods and info to complete discrete obj
-hire employee, recruit customer
business process reengineering
rethink business function performance to provide value to customers (radical innovation, not improvement)
Systems Development Life Cycle
methodology applied to development of large, highly structured app system
advantage
-enhanced mgt and control of development process
SDLC steps
- initiation, feasability, planning
- req analysis and definition
- system design
- build and development
- Testing and QC
- acceptance, installation, implementation
- ops and maintenance
Initiation, feasibility, planning
recognize need for new system, gain understanding of situation to see if feasible to creat soln, make plan
req analysis and definition
formal proposal for new system submitted
feasibility studies determine- tech req, econ resources committed to new system, how new system affects current ops
get go-ahead for project