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subdivisions of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

when does development of the nervous system begin?

A

around the 18th day after conception

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2
Q

what happens by the 25th day after conception?

A

ridges touch each other and fuse together, forming teh neural tube

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3
Q

What does the neural tube give rise to?

A

the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

forebrain divides into

A

lateral and third ventricle

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5
Q

midbrain divides into

A

cerebral aqueduct

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6
Q

what ventricles doe sthe hindbrain contain?

A

the fourth ventricle

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7
Q

what subdivisions does the hind brain contain?

A

metencephalon

myelencephalon

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8
Q

what subdivision does the lateral ventricle contain?

A

telencephalon

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9
Q

what subdivision does the third ventricle contain?

A

diencephalon

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10
Q

what subdivision does the cerebral aqueduct contain?

A

mesencephalon

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11
Q

what principle structures are in the telencephalon?

A

cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
limbic system

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12
Q

what principal structures are in the diencephalon?

A

thalamus

hypothalamus

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13
Q

what principal structures are part of the mesencephalon?

A

tectum tegmentum

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14
Q

what principal structures are part of the metencephalon?

A

cerebellum

pons

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15
Q

what principal structures are part of the myelencephalon?

A

medulla oblongata

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16
Q

what is the largest major division of the brain?

A

forebrain

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17
Q

what are the three major divisions of the brain?

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

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18
Q

what is the cerebral cortex?

A

thin, wrinkled layer of tissue covering the brain, consisting of two hemispheres

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19
Q

why is the cerebral cortex crumpled up?

A

to fit the large SA into the skull

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20
Q

grey matter

A

composed of cell bodies of the neurons

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21
Q

white matter

A

the axons and dendrites if the neurons- bundles of ‘cables’ connecting regions of the brain and spinal cord

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22
Q

corpus callosum

A

network joining the two hemispheres and allowing them to communicate

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23
Q

four lobes of the cerebral cortex

A

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

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24
Q

somatotopic organisation

A

Correspondence of an area of the brain to a part of the body

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25
primary motor cortex
neurons in different regions of the motor cortex connect to muscles in different regions on the contralateral side of the bosy
26
primary somatosensory cortex
receives information from the body senses, different regions receive information from different parts of teh body
27
the primary visual cortex
receives visual information
28
what is the Brodmann area?
a region of the cerebral cortex defined based on its cytoarchitectonics, or structure and organisation of cells
29
mow many brodmann areas are there?
46
30
what are many of the Brodmann's areas defined based solely on?
their neuronal organisation | and have since been closely correlated to diverse cortical functions
31
limbic system
set of structures involved in learning, memory and emotion
32
structures of the limbic system
``` limbic cortex hippocampus amygdala fornix mammillary bodies (part of the hypothalamus) ```
33
telencephalon (the basal ganglia)
set of structures involved in processing information for motor movement
34
major structures of the basal ganglia motor system include:
caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus
35
what does basal ganglia control?
movement
36
diencephalon
part of forebrain consisting largely of the thalamus and hypothalamus
37
thalamus
main sensory relay for all senses (expect smell) and the cortex Nuclei: LGN, MGN
38
the primary motor cortex neurons
neurons in different regions of the motor cortex connect to muscles in different regions of the contralateral side of the body
39
where does the the primary somatosensory cortex receive information from?
the body senses, different region receive information from different parts of the body
40
primary auditory cortex
receives auditory information
41
primary visual cortex
receives visual information
42
hypothalamus
set of nuclei involved in regulating the autonomic nervous system, controlling the pituitary gland and producing most of the hormones in control of the endocrine system
43
what is teh diencephalon primarily concerned with
body and its regulation | fighting, fleeing, feeding, mating
44
tectum contains the:
superior colliculi | inferior colliculi
45
superior colliculi
subcortical sensory pathway involved in fast eye movements (vision)
46
inferior colliculi
part of the auditory pathway
47
what does tegmentum have a role in?
motor movement
48
tegmentum
1) reticular formation 2) red nucleus 3) substantia nigra
49
cerebellum
appears as a mini brain | involved in motor coordination and smooth execution of movement
50
pons
part of reticular formation involved in sleep and arousal link between cerebellum and cerebrum
51
myelencephalon
contains the medulla oblongata involved in basic life functions such as: breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, heart rate and wake sleep cycles
52
nervous system divides into
central and peripheral nervous system
53
CNS divides into
spinal cord and brain
54
peripheral nervous system divides into
somatic and autonomic nervous system
55
autonomic nervous system splits into
afferent and efferent nerves
56
efferent nerves of autonomic nervous system split into
parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
57
somatic nervous system splits into
afferent and efferent nerves
58
where does the CNS tissue extend caudally from?
the medulla in the brain
59
what does the spinal cord communicate with?
sense organs and muscles below the level of the head
60
primary components of the spinal cord
dorsal roots | ventral roots
61
dorsal roots
afferent- carry sensory information to the CNS
62
ventral roots
efferent- carry sensory information away from the CNS
63
afferent
to the CNS
64
efferent
away from teh CNS
65
where is the peripheral nervous system located?
outside the skill and spine
66
function of the peripheral nervous system
bring information to CNS, take information away from the CNS
67
somatic nervous system
part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the movement of muscles and transmits somatosensory information to the central nervous system
68
autonomic nervous system
the portion of the peripheral nervous system that controls the bodies vegetative functions
69
what nerves are in teh somatic nervous system?
cranial nerves and spinal nerves involved in processing sensory information and controlling voluntary movement
70
afferent nerves somatic NS
toward CNS carrying sensory info
71
efferent nerves SNS
away from CNS conveying motor commands
72
cranial nerves
12 motor and/or sensory nerves attached to the ventral surface of the brain sensory and motor functions of the head and neck
73
spinal nerves
peripheral nerves attached to the spinal cord
74
how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs
75
autonomic nervous system
controls the body's vegetative functions | regulation of smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and glands
76
sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight | arousal and preparing body for an expenditure of energy
77
parasympathetic nervous system
rest and restore | relaxing the body
78
what are all nerves in the autonomic nervous system?
efferent

brain and behaviour (12 decks)

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