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Psychopathology/Models of Intervention > Substance Abuse Disorders > Flashcards

Substance Abuse Disorders Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Define psychoactive substance

A

Any substance ingested to alter thought processes, mood, or behaviour

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2
Q

Which substances are most often abused?

A
  • caffeine
  • alcohol (41% weekly)
  • tobacco (17% daily)
  • sugar
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3
Q

Define substance use

A

Taking moderate amounts of a substance in a way that doesn’t interfere with every day and social functioning

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4
Q

Define substance intoxication

A

Physiological reaction to ingestion e.g. being drunk or high

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5
Q

Define substance abuse

A

Use in a way that is dangerous or causes substantial impairment (e.g. affecting jobs or relationships)

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6
Q

Describe tolerance

A

Needing more of a substance to get the same effect, or experiencing reduced effects from the same amount

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7
Q

Describe withdrawal

A

Physical reaction when substance is discontinued after regular use

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8
Q

Describe dependence

A

High tolerance
Withdrawal symptoms
Desperate need

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9
Q

What are withdrawal symptoms

A

Usually the opposite effect of a drug

  • euphoria - dysphoria
  • relaxation - tension
  • pain relief - pain
  • sleep - insomnia
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10
Q

What are some effects of alcohol

A
  • CNS depressant
  • influences neurotransmitters
  • increases inhibitory effects
  • intoxication
  • withdrawal
  • foetal alcohol syndrome
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11
Q

What is delirium tremens?

A

Hallucinations and tremors brought on by withdrawal from severe alcohol use

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12
Q

What is foetal alcohol syndrome?

A

Problems in the foetus from alcohol use during pregnancy. Problems include impaired growth, cognitive difficulties, and behavioural problems

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13
Q

What can heavy alcohol use lead to, long term?

A
  • dementia

- wernicke-korsakoff disorder

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14
Q

What are some characteristics of Wernicke-Korsakoff disorder

A
  • confusion
  • lack of coordination
  • impaired speech
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15
Q

What are some family problems alcohol abuse can cause?

A
  • neglect
  • violence
  • separation
  • legal problems
  • financial problems
  • death
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16
Q

What are some workplace problems alcohol can affect?

A
  • work absenteeism
  • loss of productivity
  • work accidents
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17
Q

What are some general problems alcohol can affect?

A
  • motor vehicle accidents / crime

- one punch attacks

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18
Q

Effect of sedatives

A

Calming

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19
Q

Effect of hypnotic drugs

A

Sleep inducing

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20
Q

Effect of anxiolytic drugs

A

Anxiety reducing

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21
Q

Who is most likely to abuse sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic related drugs?

A

Caucasian women 35+

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22
Q

What are the effects of S/H/A?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • similar to large doses of alcohol
23
Q

Effects of amphetamines

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A
  • elation
  • vigor
  • reduce fatigue
  • withdrawal: extreme fatigue and depression
24
Q

How do amphetamines stimulate the CNS?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • enhance the release or norepinephrine and dopamine

- block reuptake

25
Name some popular stimulants/amphetamines
- adderall - ritalin - ecstasy / mdma - crystal meth
26
What are some effects of crystal meth
- may cause aggressive tendencies in addition to high | - extreme risk of dependence
27
Effects of cocaine
- short lived elation - vigor - reduced fatigue - blocking reuptake of dopamine
28
Opiates
Natural chemical in the opium poppy with narcotic effects
29
Opioids
Natural and synthetic substances with narcotic effects
30
Analgesics
Pain killers
31
Low dose effects of opioids
- activate enkephalins and endorphins | - incude euphoria, drowsiness, slowed breathing
32
High dose effects of opioids
- death | - lasting and secure withdrawal symptoms
33
Is concordance for alcohol abuse higher in mono or dizygotic twins?
Monozygotic
34
How much higher is the risk for sons with alcoholic fathers?
7 x higher
35
Family history risk
3-4 times higher
36
Gender and identical twins rates
Higher rates in male identical twins
37
Which gender of adopted children have a higher risk
Males
38
Direct activation
Dopamine activation (e.g. amphetamines, cocaine). Drugs that affect the pleasure pathway.
39
Indirect activation
Inhibition of GABA - stop inhibiting dopamine - dopamine increases
40
List three ways that drugs can be psychologically reinforcing
- positive reinforcement: seeking a high - negative reinforcement: escaping withdrawal/crash - coping: tension reduction and escape from life stressors
41
Opponent process theory
Drugs themselves are the easiest way to alleviate feelings of withdrawal
42
Expectancy effects
People use drugs when they anticipate positive effects
43
Cravings
Triggered by cues (e.g. mood, environment, availability to drug)
44
Define early childhood trauma
Exposure to actual or threatened death
45
List some examples of childhood trauma
- serious injury - sexual violence - bullying - terrorism - exposure to war - neglect - domestic violence
46
What are some examples of the stress response to childhood trauma
- post traumatic stress symptoms - fight or flight - senses, amygdala and hippocampus activated - elevated cortisol - changes in the gut
47
Effects of chronic traumatic arousal
- PTSD - affects eating/hunger - depression - hypervigilant system - anxiety - gut problems
48
Societal views about drug abuse
- sign of moral weakness and failure of self control | - sign of a disease - caused by some underlying process
49
Cultural factors
- influence manifestation of substance abuse | - expectancies of drinking at occasions
50
Integrative model: Drug use depends on...
- social and cultural expectations - positive and negative reinforcement - genetic predisposition and biological factors - psychosocial stressors
51
Barbituates
Prescribed to help people sleep
52
Benzodiazepines
Prescribed to help reduce anxiety
53
Which psychoactive drug class are the most common?
Stimulants
54
Effects of crystal meth
Marked aggressive tendencies

Psychopathology/Models of Intervention (11 decks)

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