summa 3

Question 1

a combination of mineral and organic matter, water, and air - that portion of the regolith that supports the growth of plants

Answer 1

soil

Question 2

comes from rhegos and lithos - the layer of rock and mineral fragments produced by withering

Answer 2

regolith

Question 3

rhegos

Answer 3

blanket

Question 4

lithos

Answer 4

stone

Question 5

components of agricultural soil

Answer 5

45% mineral
25% air
25% water
5% organic matter

Question 6

composition of organic matter

Answer 6

10% organisms
10% roots
80% humus

Question 7

factors in soil formation

Answer 7

parent material, climate, topography,
biological factors, time

Question 8

whenever the soil is weathered directly from the underlying rock,they are called as

Answer 8

residual soils

Question 9

moving water, ice, or wind may transfer the soil from the parent material and they are called as

Answer 9

transferred soil

Question 10

soil from bedrock

Answer 10

residual soil

Question 11

soil carried from elsewhere

Answer 11

transferred soil

Question 12

____ and ____ can cause diff patterns of weathering

Answer 12

temp and the amount of moisture

Question 13

the ____ redistributes sand and other particles

Answer 13

wind

Question 14

the ____,____, and ____ influence soil formation

Answer 14

amount, intensity, and kind of precipitation

Question 15

climate

Answer 15

amount of moisture available
temp
chemical reaction speed
rate of plant growth

Question 16

factors in topography

Answer 16

angle and orientation

Question 17

____ affects the moisture and the temp of soil

Answer 17

slope

Question 18

slopes facing the sun are warmer and steep soils may be ____ and lose their ____

Answer 18

eroded; topsoil

Question 19

angle - steep

Answer 19

poorly developed soil

Question 20

angle - flat to undulating surface

Answer 20

best!

Question 21

the direction where the slope is facing

Answer 21

orientation

Question 22

orientation

Answer 22

soil temp and moisture

Question 23

animals and microorganisms mix soil by forming ___ and ___

Answer 23

burrows and pores

Question 24

soil properties

Answer 24

texture, structure, moisture, biotic content, chemical composition

Question 25

refers to the proportion of diff. particle size

Answer 25

texture

Question 26

large size

Answer 26

sand

Question 27

small size

Answer 27

clay

Question 28

a mixture of sand , silt, clay

Answer 28

loam

Question 29

it provides good aeration and drainage properties of large particles with nutrient - retention and water - holding ability of clay particles

Answer 29

loam

Question 30

kind of soil which is best for agricultural processes

Answer 30

loam

Question 31

loose and partly decayed organic matter

Answer 31

O horizon

Question 32

mineral matter mixed with humus

Answer 32

A horizon

Question 33

light colored particles. zone of eluviation and leaching

Answer 33

E horizon

Question 34

accumulation of clay transported from above

Answer 34

B horizon

Question 35

partially altered parent material

Answer 35

C horizon

Question 36

soil conservation practices

Answer 36

contour farming, strip farming, terracing, waterways, winbreaks

Question 37

It refers to the tilling at right angles to the slope of the land.

Answer 37

contour farming

Question 38

It is one of the simplest methods for preventing soil erosion. This practice is useful on gentle slopes.

Answer 38

contour farming

Question 39

This series of small ridges at right angles to the slope acts as a dam to prevent water from running down in order to allow more water to soak into the soil

Answer 39

contour farming

Question 40

It is practiced when a slope is too steep or too long.

Answer 40

strip farming

Question 41

In _____ farming, alternating strips are closely sown on crops such as corn. The closely sown crops stop the flow of water, which reduces soil erosion and allows more water to be absorbed into the ground

Answer 41

strip

Question 42

One practical method of preventing soil erosion on a very steep land is to construct terraces. Terraces are level areas constructed at right angles to the slope to retain water and greatly reduce the amount of erosion.

Answer 42

terracing

Question 43

______ are depressions on sloping land where water collects and flows off the land. However, when not properly maintained, it is susceptible to erosion.

Answer 43

waterways

Question 44

The wind may cause soil erosion. ______ are planting of trees or other plants that protect the bare soil from the full force of the wind. It reduces the speed of the wind and decreases the amount of soil that is carried away.

Answer 44

windbreaks

Question 45

soil quality management components

Answer 45

Enhance organic matter Avoid excessive tillage Manage pests and nutrients efficiently Prevent soil compaction Keep the ground covered Diversify cropping systems

Question 46

is the generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse, and residual disposition of solid wastes.

Answer 46

waste management

Question 47

It is generally made up of objects or particles that accumulate on the site where they are produced.

Answer 47

solid waste

Question 48

types of solid wastes

Answer 48

Hazardous Waste Agricultural Waste Industrial Solid Waste Municipal Solid Waste

Question 49

is generated from households, offices, hotels, shops, schools and other institutions.

Answer 49

municipal solid wastes (msw)

Question 50

The major components are food waste, paper, plastic, rags, metal and glass, although demolition and construction debris is often included in collected waste, as are small quantities of hazardous waste, such as electric light bulbs, batteries, automotive parts and discarded medicines and chemicals.

Answer 50

municipal solid wastes

Question 51

in the Asian and Pacific Region, as elsewhere, encompasses a wide range of materials of varying environmental toxicity

Answer 51

industrial solid waste

Question 52

Typically, this range would include paper, packaging materials, waste from food processing, oils, solvents, resins, paints and sludges, glass, ceramics, stones, metals, plastics, rubber, leather, wood, cloth, straw, abrasives, etc.

Answer 52

industrial solid wastes

Question 53

Expanding agricultural production has naturally resulted in increased quantities of livestock waste, agricultural crop residues and agro-industrial by-products

Answer 53

agricultural waste and residues

Question 54

Our country has a lot of this type of wastes. This type of waste should be handled properly because of its biodegradability in nature and prone to foul odor.

Answer 54

agricultural waste and residues

Question 55

Most ________ is the by-product of a broad spectrum of industrial, agricultural and manufacturing processes, nuclear establishments, hospitals and health-care facilities

Answer 55

hazardous waste

Question 56

.Primarily, high-volume generators of industrial _________ are the chemical, petrochemical, petroleum, metals, wood treatment, pulp and paper, leather, textiles and energy production plants (coal-fired and nuclear power plants and petroleum production plants).

Answer 56

hazardous waste