Summits between USA and USSR Flashcards
(20 cards)
When was the Geneva Summit with Gorbachev and Reagan?
November 1985
What was the context of Geneva Summit 1985?
-3000 journalists covered meeting and there was much anticipation of how leaders would react to one another
-Goal of cutting offensive weapons by 50%
What were the key achievements of the Geneva Summit 1985?
-Provisional agreement on limiting and hopefully eliminating medium-range nuclear missiles
-Discussed collaboration to end nuclear proliferation to other countries, to maintain rational control over nuclear weapons
-Gorbachev removed ideological split between East and West as factor in international relations
What were the limitations of the Geneva Summit 1985?
-No concrete outcomes
-Reagan’s idea of SDI proved contentious
When was the Reykjavik Summit?
October 1986
What was the purpose of the Reykjavik Summit 1986?
Purpose was to put Soviet-US relations back on track
What were the key achievements of the Reykjavik Summit 1986?
-Became clear both sides wanted arms reduction
-Both sides worked tirelessly to draft agreements that could be discussed at next nuclear summit meeting
What were the limitations of the Reykjavik Summit 1986?
-Lack of agreement on human rights and humanitarian issues
-No clear result or joint statement at its conclusion
When was the Washington Summit?
December 1987
What was the context of the Washington Summit 1987?
Framework for treaty had already been designed by George Schultz (US Secretary of State) and Edward Shevardnadze (Soviet Foreign Minister)
What were the key achievements of the Washington Summit 1987?
-Signed the INF Treaty - ended use of all IBMs and cruise missiles
-First time USSR and USA had agreed to remove a whole class of nuclear weapons
-USSR made no demands that the treaty was conditional on USA withdrawing from SDI
-USSR made no demands to maintain 100 SS-20 missiles as defence against China
-Led to Gorbachev’s decision to withdraw from Afghanistan
What were the limitations of the Washington Summit 1987?
Uneven number of weapons
When was the Moscow Summit between Gorbachev and Reagan?
May-June 1988
What was the goal of the Moscow Summit 1988?
To agree to START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty)
What were the key achievements of the Moscow Summit 1988?
-Gorbachev and Reagan signed 7 agreements that included fishing rights and student exchange programmes
-Gave Reagan an opportunity to gain access to Russian people
-Reagan had been impressed by Soviet people, and they were certainly impressed with him
What were the limitations of the Moscow Summit 1988?
START remained an issue to be worked on
When was the Malta Summit?
December 1989
What were the key achievements of the Malta Summit 1989?
-Moves made towards closer economic relationship between USA and USSR
-Bush agreed USA wouldn’t intervene in Baltic states
-Paved the way for the Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty (CFE Treaty)
-Gorbachev agreed to end superiority in military capability held by USSR in Europe
-Nuclear technology not to be passed on to third party states
What were the limitations of the Malta Summit 1989?
-Less agreement over reunification of Germany
-No formal agreements
How significant was summitry in bringing about the end of the Cold War?
-Mutually agreed they didn’t want nuclear war and interested in arms limitation
-SDI proved an issue
-Paved the way for closer relations and ties
