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Geography a level > Superpowers EQ1 > Flashcards

Superpowers EQ1 Flashcards

1
Q

define superpower

A

a nation with the means to project its power and influence anywhere in the world and to be a dominant global force

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2
Q

define hypopower

A

an unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power

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3
Q

give an example of a superpower

A

USA,EU

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4
Q

give an example of a emerging superpower

A

china, india, russia

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5
Q

give an example of a regional power

A

brazil, south africa, japan

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6
Q

give 3 reasons why the USA is the superpower of the world

A

tourism, gold, athletics, GDP, military

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7
Q

what is a smart power?

A

mixing hard and soft power

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8
Q

define hard power

A

is the expression of a country’s influence through coercive measures

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9
Q

give an example of hard power

A

military action, military alliances, using economic sanctions against countries

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10
Q

define soft power

A

the power that arises from a country’s political and economic influence, moral authority and cultural attractiveness

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11
Q

give an example of a soft power

A

using the media to promote, exporting culture in the form of film and TV

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12
Q

what are the 7 mechanisms of power

A
  1. physical size and geographical position
  2. economic power and influence
  3. demographic factors
  4. political factors
  5. military strength
  6. cultural influence
  7. access to natural resources
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13
Q

what is Mckinders theory?

A

whoever controlled europe and asia would control the world

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14
Q

define colonialism

A

the effectiveness of power in military

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15
Q

what is a UNI - polar world?

A

one dominated by one superpower

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16
Q

what is a BI - polar world?

A

one in which two superpowers with differing ideologies, compete for power

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17
Q

MULTI - polar world?

A

more complex - many emerging powers and superpowers

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18
Q

define imperialism

A

a relationship pf political, economic or cultural control between geographical areas

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19
Q

define colonization

A

the physical settling of people from a colonial power within their colony

20
Q

give 2 reasons why the navy and military was of importance

A
  • navy was a symbol of military power
  • royal navy dominated the sea from around 1700-1930 protecting trading routes
  • navy provided a link between the home country and the overseas countries
21
Q

what are the 3 reasons as to why the British empire fell…

A
  1. economic decline = overspent on war therefore became bankrupt after WW2, economic slow down
  2. loss of military influence = heavy losses driving the war - beaten in europe and asia
  3. loss of colonies = many colonies fought for allies
22
Q

What is neo-colonialism

A

Indirect form of control that means newly independent countries were no LG actually masters of their own destiny

23
Q

Give a reason why neo-colonialism happens

A
  1. War and conflict in many countries has prevented investemebt and delvopment
    E.g. Congo and Vietnam
  2. Corruption is common in many countries - money meant for investment and development is creamed off by the rich elites
    E.g. Nigerian president accused of $20 billion oil fraud
  3. Many NICs have started to develop
24
Q

What is the modernisation theory?

A

Economic development only begins when certain pre conditions are met - modern infrastructure education banking and effective government

25
What are some criticisms of the modernisation theory?
- Only describes the process of economic change and growth - does not help us to understand how sMe countries gain the political and cultural aspects of power needed to be a superpower
26
What is the dependency theory?
The relationship between developed and developing countries is one of the dependency this prevents developing countries from making economic progress
27
What are some criticisms of the dependency theory?
- NCIs have broken free and developed | - the theory is static
28
What is the worlds systems theory?
Global system of core semi periphery and periphery nations. The semi periphery countries are the emerging economies some of which are emerging superpowers
29
How is China rising in power?
- huge Human Resources - economy has grown massively since 1990 and shows few signs of slowing down - increasingly engages with other parts of the world - has military ambitions to build the blue water navy
30
What is neo-colonialism
Indirect form of control that means newly independent countries were no LG actually masters of their own destiny
31
Give a reason why neo-colonialism happens
1. War and conflict in many countries has prevented investemebt and delvopment E.g. Congo and Vietnam 2. Corruption is common in many countries - money meant for investment and development is creamed off by the rich elites E.g. Nigerian president accused of $20 billion oil fraud 3. Many NICs have started to develop
32
What is the modernisation theory?
Economic development only begins when certain pre conditions are met - modern infrastructure education banking and effective government
33
What are some criticisms of the modernisation theory?
- Only describes the process of economic change and growth - does not help us to understand how sMe countries gain the political and cultural aspects of power needed to be a superpower
34
What is the dependency theory?
The relationship between developed and developing countries is one of the dependency this prevents developing countries from making economic progress
35
What are some criticisms of the dependency theory?
- NCIs have broken free and developed | - the theory is static
36
What is the worlds systems theory?
Global system of core semi periphery and periphery nations. The semi periphery countries are the emerging economies some of which are emerging superpowers
37
How is China rising in power?
- huge Human Resources - economy has grown massively since 1990 and shows few signs of slowing down - increasingly engages with other parts of the world - has military ambitions to build the blue water navy
38
What is neo-colonialism
Indirect form of control that means newly independent countries were no LG actually masters of their own destiny
39
Give a reason why neo-colonialism happens
1. War and conflict in many countries has prevented investemebt and delvopment E.g. Congo and Vietnam 2. Corruption is common in many countries - money meant for investment and development is creamed off by the rich elites E.g. Nigerian president accused of $20 billion oil fraud 3. Many NICs have started to develop
40
What is the modernisation theory?
Economic development only begins when certain pre conditions are met - modern infrastructure education banking and effective government
41
What are some criticisms of the modernisation theory?
- Only describes the process of economic change and growth - does not help us to understand how sMe countries gain the political and cultural aspects of power needed to be a superpower
42
What is the dependency theory?
The relationship between developed and developing countries is one of the dependency this prevents developing countries from making economic progress
43
What are some criticisms of the dependency theory?
- NCIs have broken free and developed | - the theory is static
44
What is the worlds systems theory?
Global system of core semi periphery and periphery nations. The semi periphery countries are the emerging economies some of which are emerging superpowers
45
How is China rising in power?
- huge Human Resources - economy has grown massively since 1990 and shows few signs of slowing down - increasingly engages with other parts of the world - has military ambitions to build the blue water navy
46
What will happen to emerging powers in the future?
- demand more say in global organisations - more influence over global financial decision making - play a greater role in international peace keeping missions

Geography a level (17 decks)

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