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CNM Nutrition Year 1 Semester 2 > Supplements in Practise > Flashcards

Supplements in Practise Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term food supplement

A

A concentrated source of vitamin, mineral or other substance with a nutritional or physiological effect, alone, or in comnbination, sold in dose form

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2
Q

In what situations would you supplements with a client

A
  1. Deficiency states
  2. Theraputic uses (an underfunction of biochemical pathways identified through lack of nutriion of identification of symptoms)
  3. For preventative health- used to plug the gaps in a client’s nutrition
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3
Q

Name 4 reasons why might a client need supplements

A
  1. Food processing reduces nutritional content
  2. Food additives deplete the nutrients in food
  3. Weakened digestion, leading to malabsorbtion
  4. Stressful lifestyles depletes calcium, magnesium and zinc
  5. Heavy metal toxixity
  6. Depleted nutrients in the soil
    7 High yield crops deficient in nutrients
  7. Long distance transportation makes crops lose mucn of their nutritional value
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4
Q

Name 3 factors to consider when supplementing with Omega 3

A
  1. High levels needed for theraputic effect (4g a day for arthritis)
  2. Check if the oil is from the bdoy or liver (pollutants are more abundant in liver oils)
  3. Should contain antioxidents to prevent the oil oxidising
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5
Q

Why is omega 3 from krill oil more bioavailable?

A

They are carried to the cells in phospholipid form

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6
Q

Name 4 claims that are prohibited on supplements

A
  1. reference to the rate or amount of wieghtloss
  2. Reference to recommendations from doctoes or health professionals
  3. Claims that suggest that health could be affected by not consuming it
  4. No allusion to the fact that it can prevent, treat or cure a disease
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7
Q

What supplement forms would you recommend for someone with poor digestion?

A

Liquids

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8
Q

Why would you avoid supplements in tablet form?

A

Contain more excipients

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9
Q

What are the benefits and downsides of capsules?

A

benefit- fewer exipients
downside-not efficient for large doses

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10
Q

When would you take a supplement in powder form?

A

For bigger doses

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11
Q

Name 4 benefits of taking a liposomal supplement

A
  1. Higher bioavailability and absorbtion
  2. Increased oral uptake in the mouth
  3. Easier to take than larger supplements
  4. Suitable for water and fat soluble nutrients
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12
Q

What is different about a liposomal supplement?

A

It has a phospholipid bilayer protecting the active ingredients

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13
Q

Give 4 examples of excipients found in supplements

A
  1. Fillers
  2. Emulsifiers
  3. Flavours
  4. Colours
  5. Sweeteners
  6. Preservatives
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14
Q

How are supplements absorbed?

A

Chemical bonds are first broken in the stomach and then mostly absorned in the duodenum

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15
Q

Which supplements are absorbed in teh duodenum?

A

Calcium
Selenium
Magnesium
Chromium
Iron
Manganese
Zinc

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16
Q

Which supplements are absorbed in the Jejunum

A

B vits
Biotin
Vitamin C
Choline
Inositol
Calcium
Magnesium

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17
Q

Which supplements are absorbed in the ileum

A

B12

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18
Q

Why would you not take a B vit supplement in the evening?

A

They can trigger or exacerbae insomnia

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19
Q

Name a supplement that you should take on an empty stomach and one that you should take with food

A

Zinc-empty stomach
Vit C food

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20
Q

Name 4 factors that should be considered when determining a dose of a supplement

A
  1. Age- needs increase with age
  2. Digestion-Ability to absorb or excrete
  3. State of health- dosing for optimal health or disease state
    4.Theraputic dose- look at the results of credible trials
  4. Lab test results
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21
Q

What is meant by the ‘elemental’ amount of minerals

A

The amount of mineral available for absorbtion in a supplement. The amount that is actually used by the body

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22
Q

What is meant by a chelated mineral?

A

When a mineral is accompanied by an amino acid or organic acid chelate to increase absorbtion and stop it competing for absorbtion with other minerals

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23
Q

Name 2 examples of-

a. an amino acid chelate
b. an organic acid chelate

A

a. Glycine, Lysine
b. Citric acid, Picolinic acid

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24
Q
A
25
Q

How much of a supplement needs to be natural to claim ‘natural’ on a label?

A

10%

26
Q

Why are food based supplements superior to synthetic vitamins?

A

The body recognises when nutrrients are derrived from food, it may not recognise or know what to do with isolates.

27
Q

Why should you advise caution when supplementing minerals

A

An overdose of one moineral can compromise the status of another

28
Q
A
29
Q

Why should irridated supplements be avoided?

A

High doses of radiant enery are used to destroy pathogens
This destroys delicate nutrients and disrupts their natural frequencies.

30
Q

What is an organic acid salt?

Name 2 examples

A

An organic compund in mineral form.

Citrate, malate

31
Q

What is the advantage of organic acid salts in supplements?

A

The bond between an organic acid and mineral is very weak so it is easily absobed. The bosy can use the carrier mollecule.

32
Q

What is an inorganic salt?

Name 2 examples

A

A simple mineral compound important for electrolyte balance.

Oxide
Sulphates

33
Q

What is the advantage of an amino acid chelate?

A

It is the best form for mineral absorbtion

34
Q

What is the best mineral carrier for zinc?

A

Picolinate

35
Q

What is the advantage of citrate as a mineral carrier?

A
  1. More bioavailable, requires less stomach acid to break bonds and free the mineral for absorbtion
36
Q

Define the term chelator

A

A substance that binds tightly to mineral atoms and forces the mineral to go wherever the chelator goes

37
Q

What is the advantage of an amino acid chelate?

A

Bypasses the competitive absorbtion that takes place between certain minerals (it is absorbed as a protein, not a mineral.
The body treats it as a peptide and is efficient at absorbing amino acids
Extends the length of absorbtion sites (to a larger portion of the small intestine)

38
Q

Name 4 disadvantages of amino acid chelates

A
  1. Amini acid complexes may be too tightly bonded
  2. Minerals may not be released from this bond if cellular energy is too poor.
  3. The complexes can be too larg for tablets so dosages may be too low
  4. May be too expensive for clients
39
Q

Name 2 reasons NOT to supplement with calcium

A
  1. Supplementation is ineffective at preserving bone mass, when dietary calcium in insufficient
  2. It can cause kidney disease and soft tissue calcification (especially when G and K2 are low)
40
Q

Which supplemental forms of calcium are easiest to absorb?

A

Calcium citrate, calcium citrate malate

41
Q

Which supplemental for of calcium is regarded as the most bioavaibalble and soluble?

A

Calcium glycinate

42
Q

Name the 3 co-factors needed for the aborbtion of magnesium

A
  1. Selenium
  2. Vitamin B6
  3. Vitamin D
43
Q

Name 4 things that inhibit the absorbtion of magnesium

A
  1. Phytates
  2. Fibre
  3. Alcohol
  4. Excess saturated fat
44
Q

What is a common adverse reaction to magnesium supplementation?

A

Diarrhoea and possible gastric irritation

45
Q

What is the best form of magnesium for fibromyalgia?

A

Magnesium malate.

46
Q

What is the best form of magnesium supplement for insomnia?

A

Magnesium glycinate

47
Q

What form of magnesium supplementation would you reccommend to someone with CV issues?

A

Magnesium orotate- enhances energy production in the heart.

48
Q

Name 4 drug interactions with magnesium

A
  1. Antibiotics-may reduce the absorbtion of quinoline and tetracycline antibiotics
  2. Blood pressure medications and calcium channel blockers-may increase adverse effects
  3. HRT, OCP-may decrease magnesium levels, may need to supplement more.
49
Q

Which 3 iron supplements are best absorbed?

A
  1. ferrous fumarate
  2. Ferrous Sulphate
  3. Ferrous gluconate#cx
50
Q

Name 2 possible adverse effects of iron supplementation

A

Nausea diarhoea constipaton heartburn
Toxicity- easily oxidises causing free radical damage

51
Q

What is the most effective form of chromium for type 2 diabetes?

A

Chromium malate

52
Q

Name 3 factors that increase requirements for vitamin C

A

Pollution exposure
Chronic stress
Infection

53
Q

What is the best vitamin C supplement for health maintenance?

A

Low dose food forms e.g. rosehip and acerola, the bidy regnises these as food

54
Q

What is the best vit c supplement for detoxification?

A

High dose ascorbic acid. Although it is easily excreted by the body, it takes free readicals with it.

55
Q

What does buffered vitamin c mean

Give an example

A

When vitamin c is joined to an alkaline mineral so that it is better tolerated by the gut.

Eter-C (calcium ascorbate)

56
Q

Name 3 health conditions which might require vitamin A supplementation

A

pancreatic disease
eye disease
measles

57
Q

Why would you suggest a client supplement with Selenium

A

If they need help converting T4 to T3
For immunity

58
Q

Name 5 things you should take into consideration when recommending supplements to a client.

A
  1. The result you are seeking to achieve
  2. The length of time
  3. If recommendin a higher dose that is on the packaging, make sure it’s within a safe range
  4. Give a clear end date
  5. Be specific with your guidance

CNM Nutrition Year 1 Semester 2 (10 decks)

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