supply chain

Question 1

process house

Answer 1

core processes: 
supply chain-
customer relation-
life cycle- 
  -management 

support:
HR and quality assurance

Question 2

history of OM

Answer 2

industrial revolution 
scientific management
human relations 
computer age 
outsourcing 
e-commerce

Question 3

SC and operations strategy

Answer 3

SC resources
-competencies, processes, resources
market needs
-customer, competition, market position

Question 4

strategic fit

Answer 4

place beteern efficiency and responsiveness

efficiency:
low costs 
supplier bound 
low invenotry 
reduce lead time

responsivness:
buffer
flexible
higher margins

Question 5

from network to supply chain

Answer 5

world factory
-one factory to satisfy needs from all over the world caused by bad communication ways and low production volume

production abroad
-copy and paste factories everywhere because of high logistic and transportation costs

high specialisation
-everybody produces what they can produce the best

Question 6

what is the optimal outsourcing degree

Answer 6

intersection between costs for value creation and coordination costs

limited scope: limited steps, less complicated, control

high scope: various steps, reverse snd forward integration

Question 7

where should buffers be located

Answer 7

products that are needed daily and can be forecasted well close to customer (proximity)
products like spare parts where you have high fluctuations in the center

Question 8

lean management

Answer 8

kaizen: continuous improvement
1. value creation for which customer pays - optimize
2. necedsary waste for value creation - minimize
3. waste nobody pays for - eliminate

Question 9

TIMWOOD

Answer 9

transportation
inventory
movement
waiting time
over production 
over engineering 
defects

Question 10

align process to tact time

Answer 10

tact time = abailable time/output requirments

capacity needed = work content/tact time

Question 11

production ways

Answer 11

single piece flow —> reduced waiting time
first in first out
kanban —> bad huge inventory needed
limit production control

Question 12

factory planning steps

Answer 12

geographical 
factory
building 
workspace
workolace

Question 13

status of factory planning

Answer 13

green field
-new plant, low qualified workers, mess restrictions
brown field
-qualified worker, logistics not the best, infrastructure given

Question 14

design material flow and optimal layout

Answer 14

on site production (start ups) produce everything on one site
workshop production same machinery or tasks in one area
group production small departments within company
assembly line workstations assembled in the need sequence

Question 15

product architecture

Answer 15

modular: seperate modules flexible for change
integral: combined modules, individual change affects whole product

Question 16

challenges in time pressure

Answer 16

successive planning (everyone does their job and hands it to next one)
simultaneous engineering (working parallel as a team)

Question 17

risk effects on supply chain

Answer 17

loss of productivity 
increased working costs
customer complaints
less service outcome
loss of revenue
damaged brand reputation

Question 18

risk drivers

Answer 18

drivers: network structure
- globalization
- centralization of supplier
- reduction of buyers
sources: environment
- shorter product lifecycle
- dynamic demand
- limited raw materials
- natural disasters

Question 19

process of SCRM

Answer 19

identification
assessment
management

Question 20

risk pooling

Answer 20

pooling of product
pooling of location of inventory
pooling of lead time
pooling of capacity

Question 21

pooling capacity

Answer 21

no flexibility: 10 types or cars one car per site
full flexibility: every site can produce every type of car
chaining: one site can produce 2 car types

Question 22

nature of demand

Answer 22

dependant if customer orders

infependant driven by forecasts

Question 23

nature of supply

Answer 23

mtf: make to forecast
ato: assembly to order
mto: make to order
eto: engineer to order

Question 24

activities of planning and control

Answer 24

loading
sequencing
scheduling
monitoring and controlling

Question 25

activities of planning and control-loading

Answer 25

finite (only until capacity reached, might have something left at the end of period)
infinite (produce everything but always over capacity)

Question 26

activities of planning and control-sequencing

Answer 26

fifo
dd- closest due date
sot - shortest order first
lot- longest order first

Question 27

activities of planning and control - scheduling

Answer 27

forward- produce as soon as you know about it

backwards - produce the latest possible to due date

Question 28

determine operations base level of capacity

Answer 28

performance objective
perishability
variability in demand

Question 29

bullwhip effect

Answer 29

large distortion of demand due to information asymmetries

reasons:
demand submitted unequally
greater lot size ordered to reduce costs
sales campaigns
overreaction
bottleneck poker: everybody orders more if bottleneck expected

counter measures:
smoothing info exchange
smoothing product flow (automation of order process)
design incentive scheme (const whole sale price, risk sharing)

Question 30

interfaces for optimal sc planning

Answer 30

collaborative partnership
ECR, COFR, JIT
-data exchange in all directions, coordinated collaboration
VMI
-automatic transfer, commong access to stock data
EDI
-minimization if time for transfer of data quality