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Oral pathology > Surgery > Flashcards

Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Impacted Teeth most to least coomon

A

Mandibular third molars > maxillary third
molars > maxillary canines

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2
Q

Ideally, extractions should be done __________ weeksbefore radiation treatment.

A

3-6 weeks

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3
Q

How long after the placement of an implant will the collagen matrix be deposited?

A

4-6 weeks

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4
Q

Junctional epithelium around implant evident at ______

A

2 weeks

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

Winter’s Classification
easiest extraction
most difficult extraction

A

– Mesioangular= easiest
– Distoangular= most difficult

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7
Q

Pell and Gregory Classification- most difficult extraction

A

Class C
Class 3

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8
Q

Oro-Antral Communication (OAC)
Most common with __________
Tx:

A

Most common with maxillary first molars
Tx: if <2mm do nothing, 2-6mm 4As and
figure-eight suture, >6mm flap surgery

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9
Q

Alveolar Osteitis
cause and Tx:

A
  • When blood clot dislodges or dissolves before wound heals following an extraction
  • Does not require antibiotics
  • Tx: irrigation and local pain control
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10
Q
  • Most common with __________
  • Tx:
  • Patients with numbness lasting more than _____
    weeks should be referred for
    microneurosurgical evaluation
A
  • Most common with lower third molars & IAN
  • Tx: medrol dosepak
  • Patients with numbness lasting more than 4
    weeks should be referred for
    microneurosurgical evaluation
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11
Q

Tooth Displacement
* Maxillary first/second molar
* Maxillary third molar
* Mandibular third molar

A

Tooth Displacement
* Maxillary first/second molar -maxillary sinus
* Maxillary third molar -infratemporal fossa
* Mandibular third molar - submandibular space

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12
Q

Suction Tips
* Yankauer suction= ________ tissue
* Frazier suction= _________ tissue

A

Suction Tips
* Yankauer suction= soft tissue
* Frazier suction= hard and soft tissue

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13
Q

Tissue Retractors
Austin uses:
minnesota
wieder
seldin

A
  • Austin
    – Right angle
    – For small
    flaps
  • Weider
    (Sweetheart)
    – Broad heart- shaped to protect
    and retract tongue
    – For mandibular
    lingual surgery
  • Minnesota
    – Offset curved
    and broad
    – For cheek/flap
  • Seldin
    – Long and flat
    – For elevating down to
    floor of mouth as in
    mandibular tori
    removal
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14
Q

Types of periosteal elevator

A
  • Woodson periosteal= small and delicate
  • # 9 Molt periosteal= larger
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15
Q

Elevators
Wedge ______ elevator
wheel and axle
lever

A

Pick
triangular
straight

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16
Q

Uses:
Pick elevator
triangular

A

Retained and broken roots
broken roots

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17
Q

Lower Cowhorn Forceps
* no.#
– _________teeth

A

Lower Cowhorn Forceps
* #23
– Lower molars

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18
Q

Extraction Forceps
– Universal, uppers no.#
– Universal, lowers no.#
teeth__________

A

150
151
Premolars

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19
Q

Upper Cowhorn Forceps
* no.#
– ____________
– Two beaks-
– One beak -

A

Upper Cowhorn Forceps
* #88R/L
– Upper molars
– Two beaks - palatal root
– One beak - buccal bifurcation

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20
Q

Ash Forceps
* #
–_______teethAsh Forceps

A

Ash Forceps
* #74
– Mandibular premolars

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21
Q

Upper Root Forceps
no.#

A

65

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22
Q

Blades;
#10
#11
#12
#15

A

15

– Most common for
intraoral surgery
* #10
– Large skin incisions
* #12
– Mucogingival surgery
– Curved shape
enhances ease of
access to the sulcus
* #11
– Stab incisions

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23
Q
  • Rongeurs uses:
  • Osteotome (Bone Chisel)
    – Monobevel -
    – Bibevel -
  • Bone File
  • Surgical Handpiece
    – Straight fissure burs -
    – Round burs -
A
  • Rongeurs
    – Double spring
    pliers
    – Trim interradicular
    bone
  • Osteotome (Bone Chisel)
    – Flat end tapped with
    surgical mallet
    – Monobevel à remove
    torus
    – Bibevel à section teeth
  • Bone File
    – For final smoothing
    before suturing
    – Removes bone with
    pull stroke
  • Surgical Handpiece
    – Do NOT use airdriven handpiece
    – Straight fissure burs
    à section teeth
    – Round burs à
    remove bone
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24
Q
  • Useful for blunt dissection of soft tissue such
    as in I&D
A

Hemostat

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25
Q

suture
* Primary purpose is to __________
* Suture should be placed from _______ tissue to _________ tissue
*_________ suture is the easiest and most
common technique
* Silk has ___________ property that allows
bacteria to invade

A
  • Primary purpose is to immobilize a flap
  • Suture should be placed from movable tissue
    to non-movable tissue
  • Simple interrupted is the easiest and most
    common technique
  • Silk has wicking property that allows
    bacteria to invade
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26
Q
  • Adson Tissue Forceps
    – Toothed uses
    – Non-toothed
A
  • Adson Tissue Forceps
    – Toothed -periosteum, muscle, aponeurosis
    – Non-toothed - fascia, mucosa, pathological tissue for
    biopsy
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27
Q

Scissors
* Dean
* Mayo

A

Scissors
* Dean
– For cutting sutures
* Mayo
– For cutting fascia and dissecting soft tissue

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28
Q
  • Outward (buccal/labial) - initial movement for
    ___________ teeth
  • Inward (lingual/palatal) - initial movement for
    _________ teeth
  • Rotary - initial movement used in __________ teeth
  • Apical - applied to _________ tooth, avoid excessive
    pressure in _________
A
  • Outward (buccal/labial) à initial movement for
    most permanent teeth
  • Inward (lingual/palatal) à initial movement for
    most primary teeth
  • Rotary à initial movement used in conical- rooted teeth
  • Apical à applied to every tooth, avoid excessive
    pressure in maxillary molars
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29
Q

during extraction with elevator fulcrum is _________

A

Alveolar bone

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30
Q

Types of Mucoperiosteal Flaps
* Envelope= __________ vertical releases
* Three-Cornered= _________ vertical release
* Trapezoidal= __________ vertical releases

A

Types of Mucoperiosteal Flaps
* Envelope= 0 vertical releases
* Three-Cornered= 1 vertical release
* Trapezoidal= 2 vertical releases

31
Q
  • Semilunar incision
    – For ____________
    – Apically displaced flap is impossible
    in ________
  • Double Y incision
    – For
A

Apicoectomy
maxillary palate
Palatal torus removal

32
Q

Is adolescent’s contraindication for implant

A

Yes

33
Q

Anti-roration is seen in one-piece/Two-piece abutment?

A

Two- piece

34
Q

Cement may be trapped subgingivally
and cause __________

A

Cement may be trapped subgingivallyand cause periimplantitis

35
Q

Antirotation Component
* Prevents ________ of abutment
* Provides ________ of abutment

A

Antirotation Component
* Prevents rotation of abutment
* Provides stabilization of abutment

36
Q

Implant Placement
* 1mm -
* 1.5mm -
* 2mm -
* 3mm -
* 5mm -

A

Implant Placement
* 1mm - buccal plate, lingual plate, inferior
border, maxillary sinus, nasal cavity
* 1.5mm - adjacent natural teeth
* 2mm - IAN
* 3mm - adjacent implant
* 5mm - mental nerve (due to anterior loop)

37
Q

Bone Quality
* Implant success rate goes from high to low
* Type I=
* Type II=
* Type III=
* Type IV=

A

Bone Quality
* Implant success rate goes from high to low
* Type I= anterior mandible
* Type II= posterior mandible
* Type III= anterior maxilla
* Type IV= posterior maxilla

38
Q

Osseointegration is by _________ stability

A

secondary

39
Q
  • Analog=
A

implant replica

40
Q

Impression coping use

A

used to transfer location and angulation of implant to a
master cast

41
Q
  • Gingival fibers orient next to implant ___________
    with cuff
A

parallel

42
Q

Peri-implant bone loss _______ mm per year after
first year is normal

A

<0.2mm

43
Q

Implant Failure
* ______˚C for 1 minute or _______˚C for 7 minutes is
enough to compromise osseointegration

A

Implant Failure
* Gram negative anaerobic rods and filaments
* 47˚C for 1 minute or 40˚C for 7 minutes is
enough to compromise osseointegration

44
Q

Mandibular Fractures
* Best evaluated with a _________ radiograph
Most to least common areas of fracture:

A

Mandibular Fractures
* Best evaluated with a panoramic
* Condylar > Angle > Symphysis

45
Q

Midface Fractures
* Best evaluated with a _________
* Le Fort I=
* Le Fort II=
* Le Fort III=
* Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture= formerly
known as a tripod fracture, caused by direct blow
to the ________ , involves bleeding under
conjunctiva

A

Midface Fractures
* Best evaluated with a CBCT
* Le Fort I= horizontal across maxilla
* Le Fort II= pyramidal
* Le Fort III= complete craniofacial disjunction
* Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture= formerly
known as a tripod fracture, caused by direct blow
to the malar eminence, involves bleeding under
conjunctiva

46
Q

Mandible fractures are ideally treated with _________ reduction and ___________ fixation

A

Mandible fractures are ideally treated with open reduction and
internal fixation (ORIF)

47
Q

wiring the jaws closed, archbars and
elastics is called __________ fixation

A

Intermaxillary fixation

48
Q
  • Macrogenia=
  • Microgenia=
    Horizontal transverse discrepancy=
    Apertognathic=
A
  • Macrogenia= chin too big
  • Microgenia= chin too small
    Horizontal transverse discrepancy= posterior
    crossbite
    Apertognathic= anterior open bite
49
Q

Bisagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO)
* Most common post-op complication is _________
* _________ position should be unaltered

A

Bisagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO)
* For retrusive or protrusive mandible
* Most common post-op complication is nerve
damage
* Condyle position should be unaltered

50
Q

Distraction Osteogenesis (DO)
* Second phase is latency period à appliance is mounted to bone on each side of cut but is not activated for_______ weeks

A
  • Second phase is latency period à appliance is mounted to bone on each side of cut but is not activated for 1 week
51
Q

Pain
* Axis I - “Bio,” nociceptive input from ___________
tissue, acute
* Axis II - influence from

A
  • Axis I à “Bio,” nociceptive input from somatic
    tissue, acute
  • Axis II à “Psychosocial,” influence of
    interaction between thalamus, cortex, and
    limbic structures, chronic
52
Q

Pain Pathway
1. Transduction= pain information travels from ____ to _____
2. Transmission= pain information travels from ________ to _______ and __________
3. Modulation=
4. Perception= the human experience of
pain is the sum total of these ________ processes and the
__________ factors of higher thought and emotion

A

Pain Pathway
1. Transduction= pain information travels from PNS to CNS
2. Transmission= pain information travels
from CNS to thalamus and higher cortical centers
3. Modulation= limitation of flow of pain
information
4. Perception= the human experience of
pain is the sum total of these physiologic processes and the psychological factors of higher thought and emotion

53
Q

Increased stimulus yields increased pain is somatic / neuropathic pain

A

somatic pain

54
Q

TN, trauma, stroke ________ pain

A

Neuropathic

55
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN)
* Also called
* ____________ women
* Unilateral/ bilateral?
* Tx:

A

Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN)
* Also called tic douloureux
* Postmenopausal women (older
than 50)
* Trigger point
* Electrical, sharp, shooting, and
episodic, followed by refractory
periods
* Unilateral
* Tx: anticonvulsants
(carbamazepine), surgery

56
Q
  • Phantom toothache
A

Atypical Odontalgia

57
Q

Postherpetic Neuralgia
Tx:

A

Tx: anticonvulsants, antidepressants, or
sympathetic blocks

58
Q

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS)
seen in
* Associated with

A

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS)
* Postmenopausal women (older than 50)
* Associated with type II diabetes, malnutrition,
and xerostomia

59
Q

bilateral, non-pulsating is a _________ type of headache
unilateral, pulsating is
intense pain near one eye
Tx:

A

Tension type
Migraine
cluster
Tx: triptan for migraine (selective serotonin
receptor agonist)

60
Q

conversion reaction, malingering is a _____ pain

A

Psychogenic Pain

61
Q

Facial pain of unknown cause/diagnosis
pending

A

Atypical Pain

62
Q

Needle anxiety causes _______ syncope

A

Vasovagal

63
Q

Most common and second most common types of syncope are

A

Vasovagal
Orthostatic hypotension

64
Q

Angina
Tx:

A
  • ONA
  • NTG (0.4mg)—5 min—NTG—5 min—NTG, aspirin and call 911
65
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Sudden occlusion of major coronary vessel,
usually ______________
Tx:

A

left anterior descending artery (LAD)
MONA

66
Q

Hypoglycemia/Diabetes
* If conscious-
* If unconscious -

A

Hypoglycemia/Diabetes
* If conscious à glucose tab or orange juice
* If unconscious à IV dextrose or IM glucagon

67
Q

Asthma
* _________ and _________ of bronchioles
* Wheezing= high pitch on ___________
* _____ puffs from emergency inhaler (albuterol)
* Avoid _______ and __________

A
  • Constriction and inflammation of bronchioles
  • Wheezing= high pitch on exhale
  • 2 puffs from emergency inhaler (albuterol)
  • Avoid NSAIDs and narcotics
68
Q

Seizure/Convulsions
* Grand mal seizure=
* Status epilepticus=

A
  • Grand mal seizure= Dilantin/Phenytoin
  • Status epilepticus= Valium/Diazepam
69
Q

Look for facial droop, arm drift, speech slur are symptoms of

A

Stroke

70
Q

Stroke
*Tx:
* Caused by _________

A
  • Oxygen and call 911
  • Caused by hyponatremia
71
Q

Anaphylactic Shock (Severe Allergic
Reaction)
* AEIOU

A
  • Albuterol
  • Epinephrine (0.3mg 1:1000)
  • IM antihistamine
  • Oxygen
  • You call 911
72
Q

Anticoagulation
– CBC
– Bleeding time
– PT
– INR
– PTT
* Herbal anticoagulants:

A

Anticoagulation
* Check blood tests below:
– CBC à anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
– Bleeding time à platelet function
– PT à anticoagulants, liver damage, Vit K
– INR à Warfarin/Coumadin, INR=2-3
– PTT à Heparin, renal dialysis, hemophilia
* Herbal anticoagulants: Garlic, Ginger,
Ginkgo, Ginseng

73
Q
A

Oral pathology (14 decks)

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