Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > survey of prokaryotic cells and microorganism > Flashcards

survey of prokaryotic cells and microorganism Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

all living things are made of cells that share some common characteristics

A

basic shape
internal content
DNA chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

two basic cell types

A

eukaryotic and prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

eukaryotic cells

A

animals, plants, fungi and protists
contain membrane-bound organelle that compartmentalize the cytoplasm and preform specific functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

prokaryotic cells

A

bacteria and archaea
No nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

characteristics of life

A

reproduction and heredity
growth and development
metabolism
movement and/or irritability
cell support
transport of nutrients and waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

external structures

A

appendages 2 major groups of appendages
motility and attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

external structures

A

glycocalyx- surface coating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

flagella 3 parts in a prokaryotic cell

A

filament
hook
base body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

filament

A

long, thin, helical structure composed of protein flagellin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hook

A

curved sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

base body

A

stack of rings firmly anchored in a cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

flagella rotates

A

360 functions in motility of cell through environment Run and Tumble movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

flagellar arrangements

A

monotrichous
lophotrichous
amphitichous
peritrichous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

monotrichous

A

single flagellum at one end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lophotrichous

A

small branches emerging from the same site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

amphitrichous

A

flagella at both ends of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

peritrichous

A

flagella dispersed over surface of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

chemical stimuli

A

chemotaxis; positive and negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

light stimuli

A

phototaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

counterclockwise

A

results in smooth linear direction- run

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

clockwise

A

tumbles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

internal flagella

A

enclosed in the space between the outer sheath and the cell wall peptidoglycan
produce cellular motility by contracting and impairing twisitng or flexing motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

fimbriae

A

fine, proteinaceous, hairlike bristles emerging from the cell surface function in adhesion to other cells and surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pili

A

rigid tubular structure made of pili protein found only in gram- negative cells function to join bacterial cells from partial DNA transfer called conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
glycocalyx
coating of molecules external to the cell wall made of sugars and/or proteins
26
glycocalyx two types
slime layer loosely organized and attached capsule highly organized tightly attached
27
functions of glycocalyx
protect cells from dehydration and nutrient loss. attachment formation of biofilms
28
the cell envelop
external covering outside the cytoplasm composed of 2 basic layers cell wall and cell membrane maintains cell integrity
29
two different groups of bacteria demonstrated by Gram stain
gram- positive gram-negative
30
gram-positive bacteria
thick cell wall composed primarily of peptidoglycan
31
gram-negative bacteria
outer cell membrane thin peptidoglycan layer and cell membrane
32
gram-positive cell wall
20 to 80 nm thick peptidoglycan includes teichoic and lipoteichoic some cells have a periplasmic space
33
gram- negative cell wall
inner and outer membranes and periplasmic space between them contains a thin peptidoglycan layer
34
the gram stain
differential stain that distinguishes cells with a gram-positive cell wall from those with a gram-negative cell wall
35
gram-positive
retain crystal violet and stain purple
36
gram-negative
lose crystal violet and stain red from safranin counterstain
37
some bacterial groups lack typical cell wall structures that is
mycobacterium and nocardia
38
cell membrane structure
phospholipid bilayer embedded proteins - fluid mosaic model
39
cell membrane functions
providing site for energy reactions nutrient processing and synthesis passage of nutrients into the cell and discharge of wastes
40
chromosomes
contain all genetic information required for a cell
41
plasmids
used in genetic engineering
42
inclusions and granules
intracellular storage bodies
43
cell cytoplasm
serves as solvent for materials used in a cell function
44
ribosomes
site of protein synthesis found in a cells
45
cytoskeleton
skeleton of the cell hold cell shape from the inside internal network of proteins polymers
46
endospores
when exposed to adverse environment conditions capable of high resistance and very long term survival
47
sporulation
formation of endospores
48
germination
return to vegetative growth
49
at what time will steam destroy endospores
pressurized steam at 120 C for 20 - 30 minutes will destroy
50
coccus
spherical
51
bacillus
rod
52
spirillum
helical, comma, twisted rod
53
pleomorphism
variations in cell shape and size within a single species
54
diplococci
in pairs
55
tetrads
gropus of 4
56
steps of the gram stain
crystal violet gram siodine alcohol (mordants) alcohol (decolorized) safranin (red dye counterstain)
57
Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology
five volume resource covering all known prokaryotes two domains: archaea and bacteria
58
domain archaea
adapted to extreme habitats and modes of nutrition
59
domain bacteria
everyday bacteria
60
species
a collection of bacteria cells which share an overall similar pattern of traits in contrast to other bacteria whose pattern differs significantly
61
stain or variety
a culture derived from a single parent that differs in structure or metabolism from other cultures of that species
62
prokaryotes with unusual characteristics
free-living nonpathogenic bacteria
63
photosynthetic bacteria
use photosynthesis energy directly from the sun
64
rickettsias
very thin gram-positive bacteria most are pathogens obligate intracellular pathogens cannot survive or multiply outside of a host cell
65
chlamydias
tiny obligate intracellular parasites not transmitted by arthropods
66
archaea
constitute third Domain Archaea exist in extreme environments
67
archaea
adapted to heat, salt, acid pH, pressure and atmosphere

Microbiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions