Define Afforestation
Planting trees in areas that didn’t haven’t them
Define agroforestry
Conserving of trees and shrubs in farming
Define montane species
Species living at high elevations
Define upslope migration
Species migrate to higher elevations due to temperature increase
What happens to other species in upslope migration?
Invades their niches, they can’t move up any higher
What is ocean stratification?
Layering of the ocean based on temperature and salinity
What percent of radiation emitted from earth is captured by GHGs?
70-75%
Reflected in any direction
What determines how effective GHGs are?
- Global Warming Potential (GWP)
- how much heat/long wave radiation can be absorbed - Amount of GHG in atmosphere
Define stability
Ability to maintain or support systems and processes over time
Requirements for stability?
- continual energy
- Nutrient recycling
- Diversity
- Consistent climate (in tolerance ranges)
Define tipping points
Unstable threshold where small change can have a dramatic effect
- change AWAY from stability
Define keystone species
Large impact on community compared to other species
What is sustainable harvesting?
Rate of harvest = lower than rate of replacement
What affects sustainability of agriculture?
- Reduction of soil quality
- Erosion (water/wind)
- Tillage
- Nutrient depletion (harvest crops and leaching) - Eutrophication
- Carbon footprint (transporting, farming, etc.)
Define eutrophication
Leaching of fertilizers into lakes and booms nutrient amounts
Define tillage
Loosen soil for crops
Impacts of eutrophication
- Algal blooms
- Blocks light to reach bottom (macrophytes, a plant, dies)
- Decomposers use up O2 to breakdown dead plants
- Anoxic water = heterotrophs die (obligate aerobes for cell resp.)
Define Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
Amount of dissolved O2 needed to break down organic matter
Define rewilding
Restoring ecosystems to let nature take over (do its own thing)
