Sustainability

Question 1

Define Afforestation

Answer 1

Planting trees in areas that didn’t haven’t them

Question 2

Define agroforestry

Answer 2

Conserving of trees and shrubs in farming

Question 3

Define montane species

Answer 3

Species living at high elevations

Question 4

Define upslope migration

Answer 4

Species migrate to higher elevations due to temperature increase

Question 5

What happens to other species in upslope migration?

Answer 5

Invades their niches, they can’t move up any higher

Question 6

What is ocean stratification?

Answer 6

Layering of the ocean based on temperature and salinity

Question 7

What percent of radiation emitted from earth is captured by GHGs?

Answer 7

70-75%
Reflected in any direction

Question 9

What determines how effective GHGs are?

Answer 9

1. Global Warming Potential (GWP)
   - how much heat/long wave radiation can be absorbed
2. Amount of GHG in atmosphere

Question 10

Define stability

Answer 10

Ability to maintain or support systems and processes over time

Question 11

Requirements for stability?

Answer 11

1. continual energy
2. Nutrient recycling
3. Diversity
4. Consistent climate (in tolerance ranges)

Question 12

Define tipping points

Answer 12

Unstable threshold where small change can have a dramatic effect
- change AWAY from stability

Question 14

Define keystone species

Answer 14

Large impact on community compared to other species

Question 15

What is sustainable harvesting?

Answer 15

Rate of harvest = lower than rate of replacement

Question 16

What affects sustainability of agriculture?

Answer 16

1. Reduction of soil quality
   - Erosion (water/wind)
   - Tillage
   - Nutrient depletion (harvest crops and leaching)
2. Eutrophication
3. Carbon footprint (transporting, farming, etc.)

Question 17

Define eutrophication

Answer 17

Leaching of fertilizers into lakes and booms nutrient amounts

Question 18

Define tillage

Answer 18

Loosen soil for crops

Question 19

Impacts of eutrophication

Answer 19

1. Algal blooms
2. Blocks light to reach bottom (macrophytes, a plant, dies)
3. Decomposers use up O2 to breakdown dead plants
4. Anoxic water = heterotrophs die (obligate aerobes for cell resp.)

Question 20

Define Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

Answer 20

Amount of dissolved O2 needed to break down organic matter

Question 21

Define rewilding

Answer 21

Restoring ecosystems to let nature take over (do its own thing)