Sustainable water schemes - Singapore

Question 1

Singapore

Answer 1

Singapore has very little natural water resources and have made water management one of its priorities for its 6 million residents

Based on 3 key ideas:
Collect all water - government educates its citizens on using water carefully and since 2003, domestic water consumption has fallen by 24 litres per person per day (24 x 6 = 144 million litres per day is a lot of water)

Re-use water - Singapore has cutting edge technology to re-use its grey-water called NEWater

Desalinate - Singapore now has 5 desalination plants meeting up to 25% of demand

Question 2

IWRM = Integrated Water Resources Management

Answer 2

It aims to treat a river basin holistically to ensure 3 things:

Water is used to maximum efficiency

Equitable distribution

Conserve the environmental quality of rivers and its catchments

IWRM is successful at a local, community level, but not at national or international levels

Question 3

IRBM = Integrated river basin management

Answer 3

the process of coordinating conservation, management and development of water, land and related resources across sectors within a given river basin, in order to maximise the economic and social benefits derived from water resources in an equitable manner while preserving and, where necessary, restoring freshwater ecosystems.