Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ASC382 Exam 3 > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

1
Q

What do all ____shire breeds have?

A

erect ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of swine?

A

maternal and paternal/terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Maternal

A

-swine used for their reproductive abilities
-mothering ability
-litter size
-milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What color are maternal breeds usually?

A

white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Maternal breeds

A

-yorkshire
-landrace
-meishan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Paternal/Terminal

A

-used for their production abilities
-muscling
-leanness
-durability
-growth rate
-feed efficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What color are paternal breeds usually?

A

dark in color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Paternal/Terminal breeds

A

-Hampshire
-duroc
-berkshire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Commercial lines

A

-hybrid hogs
-allows producers to more closely select for traits (growth or number of pigs born alive)
-crossing multiple breeds together
-identified by using a number code to describe the particular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What color do we want commercial lines to be?

A

white
-comes off easier and is less noticeable when missed during slaughter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Boar stud operation

A

-100-200 boars
-housed individually in stalls or pens
-semen is collected from boars
-sperm is then processed, extended, and shipped to clients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How often are boars collected from?

A

-1-2 times weekly
-depends on age and popularity
-young should be collected <1/week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of semen is used from boars?

A

fresh extended semen
-shelf-life is 7-10 days
-can service multiple sows
-not frozen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Breeding and gestation sow unit

A

-housed in pens until they return to estrus
-once bred sows are either housed in pens or crates
-putting them in a group returns them to estrus
-stay after breeding (about 109 days of gestation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How often are sows bred?

A

2 times in one estrus (24 hours apart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are sows bred?

A

artificial insemination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Farrowing sow unit

A

-use crates to prevent sows from crushing pigs
-crates improve accessibility to the sow’s udder for nursing
-some use open pen farrowing with a separate comfort zone for the baby pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When are pigs weaned?

A

about 21 days of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nursery unit

A

-houses newly weaned pigs until they reach finished
-mix of pigs from other litters
-have to teach them how to eat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How much do pigs weigh when weaned?

A

about 10 lbs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How much do pigs weigh when they go to the finishing unit?

A

50-60 lbs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How long do pigs stay at the nursery?

A

45-56 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Finishing unit

A

-can receive pigs from the nursery unit or newly weaned pigs
-pigs remain here until they reach a predetermined slaughter weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How much do pigs weigh when they go to slaughter?

A

260-300 lbs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How long do pigs stay at the finishing unit?

A

115-120 days (about 6 months old)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How long is the sow gestation period?

A

114 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How many sows are normally at the sow unit?

A

500 sows or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How many hogs are usually at the finishing units?

A

2,000-5,000 hogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Contact growers

A

own barns/land but do not own the pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Characteristics of confinement production

A

-slatted floors
-automatic ventilation
-liquid manure
-indoors 24 hours a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Advantages of confinement production

A

-low labor/unit of input
-protection from elements
-separate manure from pigs (prevents disease spread)
-improved FE and ADG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Disadvantages of confinement production

A

-huge investment
-negative social opinion
-temperature and ventilation control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Characteristics of outdoor production

A

-aka pasture production
-need huts or sheds
-need portable feeders
-watering systems
-electric fencing
-uncommon for large production operations
-best and most common for gestating sows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Advantages of outdoor production

A

-lower cost (feed, equipment, etc.)
-easier manure management
-less odor
-better air quality
-niche market opportunities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Disadvantages of outdoor production

A

-labor requirements
-low rates of gain
-low weaning rates
-parasite control
-poor FE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What estrous cycle are swine?

A

nonseasonal polyestrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How longs is estrus in gilts?

A

40 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How long is estrus in sows?

A

55 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

How much of a sows estrus is ovulation?

A

2/3 into their estrus (30-40 hours after the onset of estrus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How long is it between estrus?

A

21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Signs of estrus

A

-immobilization or “standing” heat (sows stand immobile in response to back pressure)
-swelling and reddening of vulva (2-3 days before estrus starts) - more prominent in gilts
-mucous discharge (from increasing estrogen levels)
-riding
-seeking the boar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is sometimes used to test if sows are in estrus?

A

boar bots or real boars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

How long does farrowing last?

A

30 minutes to 5 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How are pigs born?

A

either head first or rear feet first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the average interval between pigs during farrowing?

A

15 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

How much do pigs weigh when they are born?

A

about 3 lbs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What does pig processing involve?

A

-supplemental iron administration
-clipping needle teeth
-tail docking
-identification
-castration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Why is iron supplemented?

A

-sows milk is deficient in iron
-low iron reserves in newborn pigs
-usually born anemic
-rapid growth rate depletes the little iron they have

49
Q

How are iron injections given?

A

-IM (most common) - in the neck
-orally

50
Q

When should iron supplementation be given?

A

1-3 days of age

51
Q

When should needle teeth be clipped?

A

within 24 hours of birth

52
Q

Where are needle teeth located?

A

on sides of upper and lower jaw (4 on the bottom, 4 on the top)

53
Q

What is used to clip needle teeth?

A

side-cutting pliers
-cut 1/2 tooth away and cut flat

54
Q

Why do producers clip needle teeth?

A

-reduces chances of mastitis (the cuts from them introduce E. Coli too)
-keeps facial lacerations from occurring when baby pigs fight each other

55
Q

Why are tails docked?

A

-to prevent tail biting and cannibalism which increases risk of infection

56
Q

Where should tails be docked?

A

0.75-1.0 in. from the body (cutting it too short could interfere with muscle activity and lead to a rectal prolapse)

57
Q

How long will it take for the tail to heal?

A

7-10 days

58
Q

What is used to dock tails?

A

-emasculator
-heated cutter or side cutter

59
Q

Why do we castrate pigs?

A

pork from uncastrated male pigs at slaughter may have an odor during cooking called “boar odor” or “boar taint”

60
Q

When is castration done?

A

before pigs are two weeks old

61
Q

Boar Taint

A

-tastes how pigs smell
-common in europe
-boars usually made into pepperoni in the US
-from testosterone

62
Q

What is used to castrate?

A

-knife or scalpel
-break the spermaticord so no bleeding

63
Q

When does ear notching occur?

A

1-3 days of age

64
Q

Ear notching

A

-permanent identification
-universal system
-Litter # — Pig #
-pigs right ear = litter
-pigs left ear = pig number

65
Q

What is used for ear notching?

A

V-notcher (like a hole punch)

66
Q

What percentage of total costs of pork production is feed related?

A

60-70%

67
Q

What feed efficiency can market hogs be produced with?

A

less than 3.0 lbs. of feed per pound of gain

68
Q

What are rations mostly composed of?

A

cereal grains (corn, milo, barley, wheat)
-proteins, vitamins, and minerals need to be supplemented

69
Q

What is the best single protein source for pigs?

A

soybean meal

70
Q

How are sows fed during gestation?

A

limit-fed

71
Q

How are lactating sows fed?

A

ad lib
(nutrient requirement for lactating sows is about 3x higher than gestation sows)

72
Q

How are nursey pigs fed?

A

fed ab lib using phase feeding
-four-phase program

73
Q

Phase feeding

A

matches diets with specific nutrient compositions to the growth rate and weight of the pig

74
Q

How are finishing pigs fed?

A

-ad lib using phase feeding
-6 phase program
-split-sex feeding after 55 lbs.

75
Q

After 55 lbs. what are barrows fed?

A

they are fed more and feed with lower amino acid concentrations

76
Q

After 55 lbs. what are gilts fed?

A

require higher lysine and more protein

77
Q

When are sows bred again after weaning?

A

5-7 days after weaning

78
Q

Berkshire color pattern

A

black body with six white points (legs, snout, tail)

79
Q

Berkshire physical description

A

erect ears

80
Q

Berkshire country of origin

A

England

81
Q

Berkshire breed type

A

paternal/terminal

82
Q

Berkshire is known for:

A

meat flavor and quality

83
Q

Chester white color pattern

A

white body

84
Q

Chester white physical description

A

droopy medium sized ears

85
Q

Chester white country of origin

A

US (Pennsylvania)

86
Q

Chester White breed type

A

maternal

87
Q

Chester White is known for:

A

mothering ability, durability, soundness

88
Q

Duroc color pattern

A

solid red (ranges from gold to mahogany)

89
Q

Duroc physical description

A

droopy medium sized ears

90
Q

Duroc country of origin

A

US

91
Q

Duroc breed type

A

paternal/terminal

92
Q

Duroc is known for:

A

carcass yield, fast gaining, and lean gain

93
Q

Hampshire color pattern

A

black with white belt

94
Q

Hampshire physical description

A

erect ears

95
Q

Hampshire country of origin

A

England

96
Q

Hampshire breed type

A

paternal/terminal

97
Q

Hampshire is known for:

A

lean muscle, low backfat, and large loin eyes

98
Q

Landrace color pattern

A

white body

99
Q

Landrace physical description

A

large droopy ears, long bodied

100
Q

Landrace country of origin

A

Denmark

101
Q

Landrace breed type

A

maternal

102
Q

Landrace is known for:

A

milk production and large litters

103
Q

Poland China color pattern

A

black body with white on legs, snout, and sometimes tail

104
Q

Poland China physical description

A

Medium droopy ears

105
Q

Poland China country of origin

A

US (Ohio)

106
Q

Poland China breed type

A

paternal/terminal

107
Q

Poland China is known for:

A

large frame, leanness, and muscle

108
Q

Spot or Spotted color pattern

A

large black and white spots

109
Q

Spot physical description

A

medium droopy ears

110
Q

Spot country of origin

A

US (Ohio) - once part of the Poland China breed

111
Q

Spot breed type

A

paternal/terminal

112
Q

Spot is known for:

A

feed efficiency and rate of gain

113
Q

Yorkshire color pattern

A

white body

114
Q

Yorkshire physical description

A

erect ears

115
Q

Yorkshire country of origin

A

England

116
Q

Yorkshire breed type

A

maternal

117
Q

Yorkshire is known for:

A

durable sows, litter size, birth and weaning weight

118
Q

What breed is registration ranked 1st in the US?

A

Yorkshire

ASC382 Exam 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions