symposium Flashcards
1
Q
how do chylomicrons and HDLs deal with lipids? 3
A
- chylomicrons transport dietary tricylglycerol and cholesterol to peripheral tissues and liver. as the tricylglycerol is removed, chylomicron remnants are produced
- VLDL is produced by liver, which delivers TG to muscle and adipose tissue
- HDL is formed by the liver and acquired cholesterol and phospholipids
2
Q
describe omega 3? 4
A
- Long chain n-3 PUFA, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid is derived from oily fish
- Shorter chain, plant derived- linolenic acid can act as a precursor for EPA
- Health benefits of omega 3 are associated with the anti-inflammatory responses and decreased expression of genes involved in inflammatory and atherogenesis-related pathways
- However, recent Cochrane review indicated that increasing DHA/ EPA had little effect on cardiovascular death, coronary death, stroke or heart irregularities
3
Q
describe omega 6? 4
A
- Linoleic acid
- Main dietary sources include corn oil, and intakes of omega 6 have exceeded that of saturated fats in recent years
- Omega 6 is metabolised to form arachidonic acid which is considered pro-inflammatory
- Linoleic acid in adipose tissue, but also in platelets, is positively associated with CAD
4
Q
what are the 3 sugars absorbed from carbohydrates?
A
- glucose
- galactose
- fructose
5
Q
describe the benefits of having fruits and vegetables in your diet? 5
A
- Diets higher in fruits and vegetables are commonly associated with a reduction in CVD risk
- Soluble fibre in plants has been shown to decrease serum cholesterol, through inhibiting cholesterol reabsorption in the GI tract
- Consumption of fruits and veg improved antioxidant status by improving plasma total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity in healthy young adults
- Primary emphasis is a diet to improve lipid profile
- Increase low calorie fruit and vegetable intake to at least 5 portions each day
6
Q
describe a basic outline of a PREDIMED healthy diet? 4
A
- Eating vegetables, fruits and whole grains
- Including fat free or low-fat dairy products, fish, poultry, beans, nuts and vegetable oils
- Limiting foods that are high in saturated fat such as fatty meats, full fat dairy and tropical oils
- Limiting sugar sweetened beverages and sweets
7
Q
describe the DASH healthy diet?
A
- Diet rich in fruit, vegetables and low-fat dairy, and with a higher ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat than the other diets
8
Q
explain obesity and diet? 5
A
- Weight gain is associated with energy intake being greater than energy expenditure
- Excess energy intake leads to obesity
- Reducing energy intake and increasing exercise can redress the imbalance
- Fat tissue provides a source of FFA in circulation providing fatty acids for metabolism
- Visceral adipose tissue is less responsive to insulin and delivers FFA to the circulation which increases ROS, inhibits NO, activates RAS and induced apoptosis
9
Q
what does exercise do for the body? 3
A
- Exercise up regulates lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle increasing TG clearance
- Exercise decreases hepatic VLDL synthesis
- Exercise decreases levels of total cholesterol. Triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein
10
Q
what is STRRIDE 1, and what are the results? 6
A
- STRRIDE1- targeted risk reduction intervention through defined exercise 1
- Independent of diet exercise
- Reduced LDL cholesterol particle number
- Increase LDL cholesterol size
- Increase in HDL cholesterol particle number
- Increase in HDL cholesterol size
11
Q
what basic diet principles should people follow for their health? 7
A
- Eat more variety of plant foods
- Beans/lentils
- Veg and whole fruits
- Nuts and seeds
- Whole-grains
- Eat better quality fats
- Eat less foods high in sugar, salt and process carbohydrates
12
Q
what is motivational interviewing?
A
a collaborative conversation to strengthen a person’s own motivation for and commitment to change
13
Q
what are the stages of change? 6
A
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
- Relapse
14
Q
how do we deliver motivational interviewing? 7
A
- Expressing empathy
- Support self-efficacy
- Roll with resistance
- Develop discrepancy
- Collaboration not confrontation
- Evoking not imposing
- Autonomy not authority
15
Q
what does OARS stand for?
A
Open questions
Affirmations
Reflections
Summaries
