syndromen/ziektes/Disorders

Question 1

orofacial dyspraxia

Answer 1

impaired ability to perform coordination movements required for speech

Question 2

hemianopia

Answer 2

cortical blindness restricted to 1 half of the visual field (damage in V1 in 1 hemisphere)

Question 3

scotoma

Answer 3

small region of cortical blindness

Question 4

quandrantanopia

Answer 4

cortical blindness restricted to a quarter of the visual field

Question 5

blindsight

Answer 5

symptom in which patient denies having seen a visual stimulus even though behavior implies that stimulus was in fact seen

Question 6

achromatopsia

Answer 6

brain damage that impairs color perception

Question 7

akinetopsia

Answer 7

brain damage that impairs movement perception

Question 8

apperceptive agnosia

Answer 8

failure to understand the meaning of objects due to a deficit at the level of object perception

Question 9

associative agnosia

Answer 9

failure to understand meaning of objects due to deficit at level of semantic memory

Question 10

integrative agnosia

Answer 10

failure to integrate parts into wholes in visual perception

Question 11

prosopagnosia

Answer 11

inability to recognize previously familiar faces

Question 12

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 12

hypokinetic disorder of the basal ganglia (poverty of movement)

Question 13

Huntington’s disease

Answer 13

hyperkinetic disorder of the basal ganglia (excess of movement)

Question 14

semantic dementia

Answer 14

progressive loss of information from semantic memory

Question 15

dysgraphia

Answer 15

difficulties in spelling & writing

Question 16

classical single dissociation

Answer 16

when patient performs entirely normal on task B compared to control group

Question 17

strong single dissociation

Answer 17

when patient is impaired on both tasks but significantly more impaired on one

Question 18

syndrome

Answer 18

a cluster of different symptoms that are believed to be related in some meaningful way

Question 19

single dissociation

Answer 19

situation in which a patient is impaired on task A but relatively spared on task B

Question 20

congenital amusia

Answer 20

tone-deafness = developmental difficulty in perceiving pitch-relationships

Question 21

pure word deafness

Answer 21

type of auditory agnosia in which patients are able to identify environmental sounds & music bot not speech

Question 22

inattentional blindness

Answer 22

failure to be aware of visual stimulus because attention is directed away from it

Question 23

change blindness

Answer 23

failure to notice (dis)appearance of objects between 2 alternating images

Question 24

hemispatial neglect

Answer 24

failure to attend to stimuli on the opposite side of space to a brain lesion

Question 25

pseudo neglect

Answer 25

over-attention to the left side of space in a non-lesioned brain

Question 26

simultanagnosia

Answer 26

inability to perceive more than 1 object at a time

Question 27

hemiplegia

Answer 27

damage to 1 side of primary motor cortex results in a failure to voluntarily move other side of the body

Question 28

optic ataxia

Answer 28

inability to use vision ta accurately guide action without basic deficits in visual discrimination or voluntary movement per se

Question 29

ideomotor apraxia

Answer 29

inability to produce appropriate gestures given an object, word or command

Question 30

Tourette's syndrome

Answer 30

hyperkinetic disorder: neuropsychiatric disorder with an onset in childhood characterized by the presence of motor &/ vocal tics

Question 31

amnesia

Answer 31

difficulty memorizing & remembering events

Question 32

confabulation

Answer 32

false memory that is sometimes self-contradictory without an intention to lie

Question 33

Wernicke's aphasia

Answer 33

aphasia associated with damage to Wernicke's area & linked to fluent but nonsensical speech & poor comprehension

Question 34

Broca's aphasia

Answer 34

aphasia associated with damage to Broca's area & linked to symptoms: agrammatism & articulatory deficits

Question 35

agrammatism

Answer 35

halting, "telegraphic" speech production that is devoid of function words, bound morphemes& often verbs

Question 36

Freudian slip

Answer 36

substitution of one word for another that is sometimes though to reflect the hidden intentions of the speaker

Question 37

spoonerisms

Answer 37

speech error in which initial consonants are swapped between words

Question 38

malapropisms

Answer 38

speech error that consists of a word with a similar phonological form to the intended word

Question 39

anomia

Answer 39

word-finding difficulties

Question 40

apraxia for speech

Answer 40

difficulties in shaping the vocal tract

Question 41

dysarthria

Answer 41

impaired muscular contractions of the articulatory apparatus

Question 42

pure alexia

Answer 42

type of peripheral dyslexia= difficulty in reading words in which reading time ↑ proportionally to the length of the word (letter-by-letter reading)

Question 43

peripheral dyslexia

Answer 43

disruption of reading arising up to the level of computation of a visual word form

Question 44

central dyslexia

Answer 44

disruption of reading arising after computation of a visual word form

Question 45

surface dyslexia

Answer 45

form of acquired central dyslexia: ability to read nonwords & regularly spelled words better than irregularly spelled words → lexical-semantic route impaired

Question 46

phonological dyslexia

Answer 46

form of acquired central dyslexia: ability to read real words better than nonwords → grapheme-phoneme route impaired

Question 47

deep dyslexia

Answer 47

form of acquired central dyslexia: real words are read better than nonwords & semantic errors are made in reading →both routes impaired

Question 48

developmental dyslexia

Answer 48

problems in literacy acquisition that cannot be attributed to lack of opportunity/basic sensory deficits

Question 49

surface dysgraphia

Answer 49

acquired dysgraphia: patienets better at spelling regularly spelled words & nonwords and are poor with irregularly spelled words

Question 50

phonological dysgraphia

Answer 50

acquired dysgraphia: able to spell real words better than nonwords

Question 51

deep dysgraphia

Answer 51

acquired dysgraphia: impaired in both routes

Question 52

sociopathy

Answer 52

= anti-social personality disorder = personality disorder associated with irresponsible & unreliable behaviour that is not personally advantageous - inability to form lasting commitments or relationships - egocentric thinking - marked degree of impulsivity

Question 53

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Answer 53

unusual tameness & emotional blunting; tendency to examine objects with the mouth; dietary changes after bilateral amygdala &temporal lesions in monkeys

Question 54

Capgras syndrome

Answer 54

paople report that their acquaintances have been replaced by 'body doubles'

Question 55

autism

Answer 55

presence of markedly abnormal/imaired development in social interaction & communication & a markedly restricted repertoire of activities & interests