synovial

Question 1

Sterile heparinized tube

Answer 1

gram’s stain and culture

Question 2

Heparin or EDTA

Answer 2

cell count

Question 3

sodium fluoride tube

Answer 3

glucose analysis

Question 4

Deeper yellow

Answer 4

Inflammatory & noninflammatory
effusions

Question 5

Green

Answer 5

bacterial infection

Question 6

red

Answer 6

Hemorrhagic arthritis

Question 7

synovial is turbid

Answer 7

Presence of WBC, Synovial cells debris and
fibrin

Question 8

synovial is milky

Answer 8

presence of crystals

Question 9

viscosity is caused by

Answer 9

hyaluronic acid

Question 10

it affects the production of hyaluronidase

Answer 10

arthritis

Question 11

diluting fluid for cell count

Answer 11

0.3% normal saline solution

Question 12

performed on cytocentrifuged preparations or on
thinly smeared slides.

Answer 12

differential count

Question 13

Increased neutrophils indicate

Answer 13

septic condition

Question 14

lymphocytes suggests

Answer 14

nonseptic inflammation

Question 15

Primary Cell can be seen in Normal Synovial Fluid

Answer 15

Mononuclear cells
Monocytes
Macrophages
Synovial tissue

Question 16

significance of neutrophil

Answer 16

bacterial sepsis
crystal induced inflammation

Question 17

significance of lymphocytes

Answer 17

non-septic inflammation

Question 18

significance of macrophage

Answer 18

normal
viral infection

Question 19

significance of synovial lining cell

Answer 19

normal

Question 20

significance of LE cell

Answer 20

lupus erythematosus

Question 21

significance of reiter cell

Answer 21

reiter syndrome
non-septic inflammaton

Question 22

significance of RA cell

Answer 22

rheumatoid arthritis
immunologic inflammation

Question 23

significance of cartilage cell

Answer 23

osteoarthritis

Question 24

significance of rice bodies

Answer 24

tuberculosis
septic
rheumatoid arthritis

Question 25

significance of fat droplets

Answer 25

traumatic injury chronic inflammation

Question 26

resembling mesothelial

Answer 26

synovial lining cell

Question 27

neutrophil containing round body

Answer 27

LE cell

Question 28

vacuolated macrophage ingested neutrophils

Answer 28

reiter cell

Question 29

An important diagnostic test in the evaluation of arthritis

Answer 29

crystal identification

Question 30

Causes of of Crystal formation

Answer 30

Metabolic Disorders Decreased renal excretion Degeneration of cartilage and bone Injection of Medications such as corticosteroids

Question 31

monosodium significance and shape

Answer 31

gout needle

Question 32

calcium pyrophosphate significance and shape

Answer 32

pseudogout rhombic square, rods

Question 33

cholesterol significance and shape

Answer 33

extracellular notched, rhombic plates

Question 34

corticosteroid significance and shape

Answer 34

injection flat, variable-shaped plates

Question 35

calcium oxalate significance and shape

Answer 35

renal dialysis envelope

Question 36

apatite or calcium phosphate

Answer 36

osteoarthritis small particles require electron microscope

Question 37

run parallel to the long axis of the crystal

Answer 37

MSU crystals

Question 38

much quicker, producing a blue color and positive birefringence.

Answer 38

CPPD crystals

Question 39

produces a yellow color

Answer 39

MSU crystals

Question 40

run perpendicular to the long axis of the crystal

Answer 40

CPPD crystals

Question 41

Provides rapid differentiation between inflammatory and septic arthritic

Answer 41

lactate test

Question 42

normal synovial values volume color clarity viscosity WBC ct neutrophils crystals glucose:plasma total protein

Answer 42

<3.5 ml colorless to pale yellow clear able to form a string 4-6 cm long <200 cells/uL <25% none present <10 mg/dl lower than blood glucose level < 3 g/dl

Question 43

The common organisms that infect synovial fluid are the fastidious

Answer 43

Haemophilus species and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 44

autoimmune diseases that cause very serious inflammation of the joints and are diagnosed in the serology laboratory by demonstrating the presence of their particular autoantibodies in the patient’s serum

Answer 44

rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus

Question 45

demonstration of antibodies to the causative agent _______ in the patient’s serum can confirm the cause of the arthritis.

Answer 45

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 46

Non-inflammatory color & clarity: viscosity: WBC: neutrophils: glucose:

Answer 46

- clear and yellow - good viscosity - < 1000 uL - < 30% - normal glucose

Question 47

Inflammatory: immunologic origin color & clarity: viscosity: WBC: neutrophils: glucose:

Answer 47

color & clarity: cloudy, yellow fluid viscosity: poor viscosity WBC: 2000 - 75,000 uL neutrophils: > 50% glucose: decrease glucose presence of autoantibodies

Question 48

Inflammatory: crystal induced origin color & clarity: viscosity: WBC: neutrophils: glucose:

Answer 48

color & clarity: cloudy or milky fluid viscosity: low viscosity WBC: up to 100,000 uL neutrophils: <70% glucose: decrease glucose crystal present

Question 49

Septic color & clarity: viscosity: WBC: neutrophils: glucose:

Answer 49

color & clarity: cloudy, yellow green fluid viscosity: variable viscosity WBC: 50,000 - 150,000 uL neutrophils: > 75% glucose: decrease glucose positive culture and gram stain

Question 50

hemorrhagic color & clarity: viscosity: WBC: neutrophils: glucose:

Answer 50

color & clarity: cloudy, red fluid viscosity: low viscosity WBC: equal to blood neutrophils: equal to blood glucose: equal to blood