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Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the job of the Circulatory system?

A

It delivers nutrients absorbed by your digestive system to each cell in your body. It also transports oxygen and removes waste products.

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2
Q

The heart is part of the circulatory system true or false?

A

True

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3
Q

What does the right side of the heart do?

A

The right side is the pulmonary system and receives deoxygenated blood from your body and pumps it to your lungs

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4
Q

What does the left side of the heart do?

A

The left side is the systemic system and it receives oxygenated blood from your lungs and pumps it to your body

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5
Q

What are the two heart chambers?

A

The atrium and the ventricles

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6
Q

What are atriums?

A

They are the upper chambers of your heart and they receive blood from your lungs and body. There is a right and left atrium.

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7
Q

What are ventricles?

A

They are the right and left lower chambers of your heart and they pump blood to the body.

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8
Q

What do your arteries do?

A

They are vessels that carry blood away from your heart

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9
Q

What are veins?

A

They carry blood towards your heart

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10
Q

What are capillaries?

A

They are specialized blood vessels that are located between the arteries and the veins that allow the diffusion of nutrients and gases

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11
Q

True or false: cappilaries are wide so blood cells can fit through

A

False

The blood cells go through one at a time because it is narrow

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12
Q

True or false: The capillaries are made of special epithelial tissue that is one layer thick

A

True

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13
Q

What is the function of red blood cells

A

They carry oxygen

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14
Q

What is the function of white blood cells

A

They fight infections and work with antibodies to find antigens to destroy

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15
Q

What are platelets

A

They are the cells in your blood that help to stop bleeding at cuts

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16
Q

What does plasma do

A

It is the liquid portion of your blood that transports nutrients to your cells and carries wastes such as carbon dioxide away.

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17
Q

Blood vessels transport blood to and away from the heart true or false?

A

True

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18
Q

What does your respiratory system do?

A

It gives your blood the oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from your blood

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19
Q

What process is breathing

A

It is the process your respiratory system use to move air in and out of your lungs

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20
Q

What is bronchi

A

they are the two big branches of your airway that lead into the lungs.

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21
Q

True or false: Bronchi is lined with cartilage to keep the airway from collapsing

A

True

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22
Q

What is Alveoli?

A

They are tiny air-filled sacs in the lungs that are the site of gas exchange

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23
Q

What happens when your diaphragm moves down?

A

The volume of your lungs increases

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24
Q

What happens when your diaphragm moves up?

A

The volume of the lungs decreases

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25
What covers the alveoli?
Capillaries
26
What happens when the volume of the lungs increases?
Air comes in
27
What happens when the volume of the lungs decreases
Air comes out
28
What does the diaphragm do?
It draws air in and out of the lungs
29
What is the function of the digestive system?
This system breaks down the food you eat into parts your cells can use for energy
30
Where does digestion start?
The mouth: your chewing breaks down your food and your saliva contains an enzyme that digests large starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules
31
What are the 2 types of digestion?
Mechanical, Chemical
32
What is mechanical digestion?
Physical breakdown of food into small pieces
33
What is chemical digestion?
Breakdown of large particles into smaller pieces by substances called enzymes
34
What are enzymes?
They are proteins created by the body for chemical digestion
35
What is the esophagus?
It is a muscular tube connecting the throat with the stomach
36
How does the esophagus work?
Food is funnelled to the esophagus and it by-passes the windpipe which is covered by a flap of skin called the epiglottis
37
What is peristalsis?
series of wave-like contractions of muscle tissue that lines the esophagus
38
What is the stomach's main job?
To break food down | It absorbs some nutrients but not a lot.
39
What chemically digests proteins into smaller particles
Gastric juice components, hydrochloric acid and enzymes
40
What stops the gastric juice from digesting the stomach
A mucus
41
What does the small intestine do?
This is where the absorption of nutrients is done
42
How long is the small intestine
6 meters
43
What is the small intestine covered with
Finger-like projections called villi
44
What are microvilli
These structures do the absorbing of nutrients in the small intestine
45
True or False: As food travels through the small intestine it is digested by millions of gut bacteria
True
46
What does the gall bladder do?
It shoots bile(digestive liquid) into your small intestine to chemically digest large clumps of lipids into smaller droplets. it helps digest fats
47
What is the function of the pancreas?
It creates enzymes breakdown carbohydrates, lipids, and protein
48
What is the liver's function?
It produces a substance called bile that is stored in the gall bladder
49
True or false? The large intestine(colon) is home to a few bacteria that digest food
False. It is home to even more than the small intestine that digests food
50
True or False? The large intestine is around 1 meter long
True
51
What is the large intestines function
It absorbs and dehydrates nutrients and liquids and turns it into stool
52
What happens to undigested materials in the large intestine?
It forms into feces and exits the rectum
53
What are all of the organs in the digestive system
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gall bladder
54
what is the excretory system
Excretion is the removal of urea and other wastes from the blood
55
True or False: All organisms create waste
True
56
What is the urinary system made of
Kidney, Ureter, bladder and urethra
57
What happens when gut bacteria break down proteins in the intestines?
A very toxic compound called ammonia is produced
58
What happens to ammonia in the liver?
The liver converts ammonia into a less harmful substance called urea
59
What is urea
A waste product found in urine
60
What does the kidney do?
It filters the blood, straining out the unwanted urea and other wastes. It then takes these wastes and produces urine.
61
True or False: The kidney regulates the amount of water and salt in our blood
True
62
What are nephrons?
They are small filtering units of the kidney that removes waste from the blood and produces urine
63
How many nephrons does each kidney have?
1 million
64
What is pumped around nephrons?
Blood is pumped around the nephrons and the nephrons collect waste
65
What are the ureters
They are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
66
What does the bladder do?
It is a storage container for urine so that it can all be disposed of at once instead of a little bit at a time
67
What is the urethra?
It is the tube that leads out of the bladder that drains the urine
68
What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
69
What does the nervous system do/control?
It is the center of all mental activity including thought, learning and memory. It is the major controlling, regulatory and communicating system in the body.
70
What is nervous tissue
It makes up the brain, spinal cord and nerves
71
True or false: An organism must interpret and respond to all the different stimuli from its environment and surrounding to survive
True
72
What are neurons
They are specialized cells of the nervous system that receive and transmit info
73
What are the three parts of a neuron?
DEndrites: receives stimulus Stoma: Main body of the cell Axon: Relays stimulus to other neurons
74
What are the three types of neurons?
Sensory neurons: Carry info from the body to the central nervous system Motor neurons: Carry info from the central nervous system to the muscles and organs Interneuron: Connects one neuron to another
75
What composes the brain and nerves of the spinal cord?
Nerve cells(neurons)
76
True or false: THere are over 86 billion neurons and 100 trillion connections
True
77
What happens in the central nervous system?
info flows through it to the center(brain)
78
What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system
Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
79
What does periphery mean?
The outside or outer edge
80
Why is it called the peripheral nervous system?
Because all of these nerves are located outside of the central nervous system
81
What neurons does the peripheral nervous system have?
Sensory and motor neurons that carry messages from cells to the nervous system
82
What does somatic mean?
It originates from the word soma which is greek for body
83
What does the somatic nervous system control
all voluntary responses
84
What are some examples of voluntary actions that the somatic nervous system controls?
Walking, moving muscle, urination, eyeball movements, etc.)
85
What is the reflex arc?
sensory mechanism that controls a reflex or an immediate response to a stimulus
86
True or false: some dangers make a message that will skip the brain to save time and reduce the impact of the danger
True
87
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
involuntary actions
88
What are some examples of actions an organism can't control?
Sweating, heart rate, breathing, blinking, body temp, etc.)
89
Central nervous system ---->
Brain and spine
90
What is diffusion?
The spreading of something from a higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
91
Why is the discovery of cells important?
It gave us an understanding of the building blocks of all living organisms and the discovery of cells had led to advances in medical technology and treatment.
92
Why are cells important?
They provide a structure for all living organisms and they are the smallest form of life.
93
What is active transport?
It is the process of dissolved molecules moving in or out of a cell through the cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region with a higher one.
94
When and what is active transport used for?
Cells use it when needed molecules need to be collected such as sugar(glucose)
95
What is Active transport powered by?
ATP
96
What is osmosis?
The process of substances passing through a semipermeable membrane that separates two liquids of a different concentration. OSmosis equals out the concentration levels.
97
What is an isotonic solution?
This is where the concentration is equal
98
What is a hypertonic solution?
The substance outside of the semi-permeable membrane has a higher concentration than the inside
99
What is a hypotonic solution?
This is where the inside of the cell has a higher concentration than what's outside of the semi-permeable membrane of the cell.

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