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Systems of The Body Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

Nervous System

A

Network of interconnected fibers that functions to regulate body functions

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2
Q

2 branches of the nervous system

A

Central

Peripheral

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3
Q

Central NS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

2 branches of the peripheral NS

A

Somatic

Autonomic

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5
Q

Somatic NS

A

Voluntary- Connects nerve fibers to voluntary muscles and gives brain sensory information

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6
Q

Autonomic NS

A

Involuntary- Connects Central NS with internal organs

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7
Q

2 branches of the autonomic NS

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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8
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Prepares body to respond to emergencies and fear

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9
Q

Catabolic

A

Mobilization and exertion of energy– Sympathetic NS

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10
Q

Anabolic

A

Brings body back to a normal state– Parasympathetic NS

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11
Q

3 parts of the hindbrain

A

Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum

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12
Q

Medulla

A

Above where spinal cord enters skull– Regulation of heart rate, blood pressure and respiration

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13
Q

Pons

A

Link between hindbrain and midbrain, controls respiration

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14
Q

Cerebellum

A

Voluntary muscle movement, balance, muscle tone, posture

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15
Q

Midbrain

A

Coordination of visual and auditory reflexes

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16
Q

2 sections of the forebrain

A

Diencephalon

Telencephalon

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17
Q

Diencephalon

A

Composed of thalamus and hypothalamus

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18
Q

Thalamus

A

Recognition of sensory stimuli and relay of sensory impulses to cerebral cortex

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19
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulate centres in the medulla- Regulate water balance, appetite and sex drive

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20
Q

Telencephalon

A

Left and right hemispheres of cerebral cortex

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21
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Intelligence, memory, personality

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22
Q

4 lobes of the cerebral cortex

A

Occipital
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal

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23
Q

Limbic system

A

Border midline and control stress and emotional response

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24
Q

Amygdala

A

Threat detection

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25
Hippocampus
Emotional memories
26
Catecholamines
Secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine by sympathetic NS
27
How many Canadians will have a nervous system disorder
1/3
28
Epilepsy
Idiopathic CNS disorder, treated by medication and behaviour intervention
29
Cerebral Palsy
Non progressive disorder causing loss of motor control
30
Alzheimers
Progressive and degenerative disease of the brain
31
Parkinsons
Progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia, possibly caused by dopamine depletion
32
Basal Ganglia
Group of nuclei controlling smooth motor coordination
33
Multiple Sclerosis
Degenerative disease causing paralysis, blindness and deafness
34
Cause of MS
Degeneration of myelin
35
Huntingtons
Hereditary disease of CNS characterized by mental and physical deterioration
36
Endocrine system
Ductless glands secrete hormones into blood
37
2 regulators of the endocrine system
Hypothalamus | Pituitary gland
38
2 lobes of the pituitary gland
Anterior | Posterior
39
Anterior pituitary gland
Secretes hormones responsible for growth
40
4 anterior pituitary gland hormones
STH Gonadotropic TSH ACTH
41
Somatotropic hormones
Regulate bone, muscle and organ development
42
Gonadotropic hormones
Growth and secretion of gonads
43
Thyrotropic hormones
Growth and secretion of thyroid gland
44
Adrenocortico- tropic hormones
Growth and secretion of cortex region of adrenal glands
45
Posterior Pituitary gland
Produces oxytocin which control contractions during labour and lactation
46
Vassopressin
Antidiuretic (ADH) Water absorbing ability of kidneys
47
Adrenal glands
2 small glands on top of each kidney
48
2 parts of the adrenal gland
Cortex | Medulla
49
Hormones released by adrenal medulla
Epinephrine | Norepinephrine
50
How many more aboriginals have diabetes
3- 5x
51
Type 1 diabetes
Autoimmune disorder caused by early viral infection
52
Type 2 diabetes
Insufficient or insensitivity to insulin caused by obesity
53
Direct transmission
Bodily contact
54
Indirect transmission
Microbes passed via airborn particles, water, soil, food
55
Biological transmission
Transmitting agent picks up microbe, changes it so it can grow in the body and then passes it to the human
56
Mechanical transmision
Carrier not directly involved in disease process such as mice or dirty hands
57
3 things that determine whether microbes will cause infection
Number of organisms Virulence of organisms Body's defensive powers
58
Virulence
Aggressiveness (resist defense) and toxigenicity (produce poisons to spread through body)
59
4 phases of infection
Incubation Non specific symptoms Acute Decline
60
Localized infection
Remains at original site and doesnt spread
61
Focal infection
Confined but toxins spread to other parts of body
62
Systemic infection
Affects many areas and body symptoms
63
Secondary infections
Occur when body's resistance is lowered while fighting primary infection
64
Immunity
Body's resistance to injury from invading organisms
65
Non specific immune mechanisms
General set of responses to any kind of infection or disorder
66
Specific immune mechanisms
Acquired after birth, usually by exposure, to fight specific organisms
67
4 non specific immune mechanisms
Anatyomical barriers Phagocytosis Antimicrobial substances Inflammatory response
68
Phagocytosis
White blood cells ingest microbes
69
Histamine
Released during inflammation-- increase capillary permeability
70
Humoral immunity
Mediated by B lymphocytes to protect against bacterial infections that have not yet infected cells
71
2 differentiations of B lymphocytes
Mature-- secrete antibodies | Resting- Memory cells wait to be stimulated
72
Cell Mediated immunity
T lymphocytes from thymus gland secrete chemicals only after cells have already been infected
73
2 T lymphocyte cell types
``` Cytotoxic T (CT) Helpher T (TH) ```
74
3 components of lymphatic system
Capillaries Vessels Nodes
75
Spleen
Produce B and T cells, filter bacteria, store and release blood
76
Tonisils
Patches of lymphatic tissue in the pharynx
77
Splenomegaly
Enlargement of spleen from infectious disease
78
Mononucleosis
Unusually large number of monocytes
79
Lymphoma
Tumour of lymphatic tissue
80
Sympathetic activation
Stimulates adrenal medulla to secrete catecholamines
81
HPA activation
adrenal cortex releases cortisol
82
Cortisol
Conserve carbs, reduce inflammation
83
When are cortisol levels the highest
Morning

Health Psychology (7 decks)

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