T Cells III

Question 1

stimuli that activate T cells

Answer 1

MHC/peptide + co-stim, mitogens, agonist antibodies, chemical mediators, superantigens

Question 2

MHC/peptide + co-stimulatory signal

Answer 2

TCR + CD28, TCR+CD40L

Question 3

mitogens

Answer 3

PHA, conA (non-specific activation for proliferation)

Question 4

agonist antibodies

Answer 4

anti CD3 + anti CD28, anti TCR + anti CD28

Question 5

chemical mediators

Answer 5

PMA + calcium ionophores

Question 6

T cell activation (proliferation)

Answer 6

requires 2 competence signals and 1 progression signal (3 total)

Question 7

competence signals

Answer 7

TCR engagement and then a co-stimulatory signal

Question 8

progression signal

Answer 8

IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, TGF-beta

Question 9

3 signals cause _

Answer 9

activation –> survival –> differentiation

Question 10

activation

Answer 10

MHC-TCR binding

Question 11

survival

Answer 11

B7-CD28 binding (B7=CD80)

Question 12

differentiation

Answer 12

IL-6, IL-12, IL-4, TGF-beta (cytokines)

Question 13

CD28 vs CTLA-4

Answer 13

CD28 is on naive T cells and CTLA-4 is after activation

Question 14

CTLA-4

Answer 14

down-regulation; higher affinity for CD80

Question 15

CD28

Answer 15

proliferation and differentiation

Question 16

cytokine for Th1

Answer 16

IL-12

Question 17

Th1 releases

Answer 17

IFN-gamma

Question 18

cytokine for Th2

Answer 18

IL-4

Question 19

Th2 releases

Answer 19

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

Question 20

cytokine for Th17

Answer 20

IL-6, IL-1b, TGF-beta

Question 21

Th17 releases

Answer 21

IL-17, IL-21

Question 22

cytokine for Treg

Answer 22

TGF-beta

Question 23

Treg releases

Answer 23

TGF-beta and IL-10

Question 24

cytokine for Tfh

Answer 24

IL-6, IL-21

Question 25

Tfh releases

Answer 25

IL-21

Question 26

Th1

Answer 26

classic immune response; releases IFN-gamma to stimulate macrophages

Question 27

Th2

Answer 27

releases IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 to activate eosinophils and mast cells and cause IgE switch in response to parasites

Question 28

Th17

Answer 28

releases IL-17 and mainly activates neutrophils

Question 29

Tfh

Answer 29

provides help for B cells

Question 30

Treg

Answer 30

regulates cells by inhibiting activation

Question 31

TH1 effects of macrophage activation

Answer 31

increase MHC-II, increase TNF receptors, increase radicals, increase nitric oxide

Question 32

B cell help by _

Answer 32

Th1, Th2, and mostly Tfh

Question 33

Treg cells are characterized by _

Answer 33

CD4, CD25 expression

Question 34

What is needed to stimulate CD8+?

Answer 34

4-IBBL

Question 35

proteins in lytic granules of CD8+

Answer 35

perforin and granzymes

Question 36

perforin

Answer 36

polymerizes to form a pore in target membrane

Question 37

granzymes

Answer 37

serine proteases, which activate apoptosis once in cytoplasm of target cell