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Spinal Orthopedics > T/s - Theory > Flashcards

T/s - Theory Flashcards

1
Q

When the thoracic spine is in a neutral position, lateral flexion will see the vertebral bodies rotate ____ toward the ___ side, and the SP’s rotate ___ toward the ___ side.

A

vertebral bodies: contralaterally, convex side

SPs:
ipsilaterally, concave side

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2
Q

When the thoracic spine is in a neutral position, lateral flexion will see the vertebral bodies translate ___ toward the ___ side.

A

contralaterally

convex side

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3
Q

When the thoracic spine is in hyperflexion or hyperextension & lateral flexion, the vertebral bodies will rotate _____, which means toward the ____ side.

A

ipsilaterally, concave

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4
Q

Ribs 1-6 increase in diametre in which direction?

A

anteriorly

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5
Q

Ribs 6-12 increase in diametre in which direction?

A

laterally

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6
Q

Ribs 8-12 move in a ___-like motion

A

caliper-like

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7
Q

Pectus excavatum is also called ___ and results from:

A

funnel chest

the sternum being pushed posteriorly by the overgrowth of the ribs

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8
Q

Pectus carinatum is also called ___ and results in…

A

pigeon chest

decreased effectiveness of breathing d/t restriction of chest volume

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9
Q

RT8 scoliosis would mean it is…
Convex to the __
Most lateral vertebrae is __
R side rib cage is pushed ___

R side TVP’s are pushed __
And translation occurs to the __

A

convex to the right

most lateral vertebrae: T8

R rib cage is pushed posteriorly

R side TVPs are pushed posteriorly

Translation occurs to the R

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10
Q

Leg length discrepancy would cause ___ scoliosis

A

functional

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11
Q

Describe:

hemivertebrae

wedge vertebrae

congenital bar

block vertebrae

A

hemi: complete failure of one side of vertebra to form
wedge: partial failure of one side of vertebra to form

congenital bar: some vertebrae partially fused together

block: some vertebrae completely fused together

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12
Q

Fryette’s laws of spinal motion say that when the spine is in neutral, lateral flexion and rotation are coupled ___laterally

A

contralaterally

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13
Q

Fryette’s laws of spinal motion say that when the spine is fully extended or flexed, lateral flexion and rotation are coupled __laterally

A

ipsilaterally

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14
Q

Fryette’s third law of spinal motion says…

A

when motion is introduced into a segment in one plane, motion in all other planes is reduced

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15
Q

What is the CPR for the thoracic spine?

A

lateral flexion and rotation equally limited, then extension

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16
Q

Explain the rule of 3’s

A

T1-3 SP’s are level with the TVPs
T4-6 SP’s are 1/2 level inferior to the TVPs
T7-9 SP’s are 1 level inferior to the TVPs
T10-11 match T4-6
T12 matches T1-3

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17
Q

Type 1 spinal dysfunctions are…

A

secondary or compensatory to a traumatic dysfunction

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18
Q

Type 2 spinal dysfunctions are…

A

a result of trauma and should be treated primarily

19
Q

If a client is limited in R thoracic lateral flexion (in their normal standing posture), what would you want to improve using a joint mobilization?

A

Since contralateral rotation will accompany lateral flexion when the thoracic spine is in neutral, you would want to improve L rotation of the affected segment(s)

20
Q

What limits rotational movement when the thoracic/lumbar spine is hyperflexed or extended?

A

PLL or ALL become taut

21
Q

What are the borders of the interscalene triangle? What runs through it?

A

anterior scalene, middle scalene, and first rib (inferiorly)

brachial plexus & subclavian artery

22
Q

What are the borders of the costoclavicular space? What runs through it?

A

Subclavius muscle
First rib and anterior scalene
Clavicle

Running through this: brachial plexus, subclavian artery & vein

23
Q

What are the borders of the subcoracoid space? What runs through it?

A

Pectoralis minor muscle, ribs 2-4, and the coracoid process

Running through: brachial plexus, axillary artery, axillary vein

24
Q

The thoracic vertebrae diminish in size from T_ to T_, then increase progressively until T12

A

T1-T3

25
Q

Which ribs only articulate with 1 vertebrae? (no demifacets)

A

1, 10-12

26
Q

What are the different types of joints in the thoracic spine?

A 
costovertebral
costotransverse
costochondral (anterior)
sternocostal (anterior)
apophyseal/facet joints
27
Q

Magee defines hyperkyphosis as an angle of…

A

> 40* measured by the Cobb method (using imaging)

28
Q

In fwd flexion/skyline view test, you measure the distance between __ and __. “Normal” would see a difference of about __cm

A

C7 to T12

2.7cm

29
Q

“Wedge vertebrae” is when…

A

there is partial unilateral failure of formation

30
Q

“Hemivertebrae” is when…

A

there is complete unilateral failure of formation

31
Q

“Congenital bar” refers to…

A

unilateral failure of segmentation of vertebrae

32
Q

“Block vertebrae” refers to…

A

bilateral failure of segmentation of vertebrae

33
Q

Expected difference in costovertebral expansion measurements is…

A

3-7.5cm at all three levels

34
Q

Which test is: have patient hyperextend neck and rotate head contralaterally while placing a downward traction on the extended limb, monitoring the radial pulse.

A

Halstead Maneuver

35
Q

What test is: have patient elevate both arms overhead and rapidly open and close the hands 15 times. (+) if tingling, fatigue, or cramping felt in the hands

A

Provocative Elevation test

36
Q

What test is: have patient elevate both arms overhead and rapidly open and close the hands 15 times. (+) if tingling, fatigue, or cramping felt in the hands

A

Provocative Elevation test

37
Q

Differentiate Adson Maneuver vs. Travel’s test

A

Adson: head is rotated ipsilaterally (toward affected side)

Travel: head is rotated contralaterally (away from affected side)

38
Q

Adson maneuvre tests for involvement of… while Travel’s tests for involvement of…

A 
Adson's = anterior scalene
Travel = middle scalene
39
Q

What TOS test involves bringing the arm to 180* abduction and then slight extension? What tissue is this testing for involvement of?

A

Wright’s/hyperabduction test

compression from pec minor

40
Q

Respiratory measurements require measuring at what 3 levels?

A

T2/axillae
T4/nipple line
T10/xiphisternal joint

41
Q

T1 nerve root stretch tests asks the patient to move into what position?

A

abduction at shoulder to 90*, forearms pronated, elbows flexed to have hands behind the head

42
Q

Passive scapular approximation test, tests for… and a (+) result would be…

A

T1/T2 nerve root

pain in scapular area

43
Q

Explain the rule of 3’s

A

T1-3 SP’s are level with the TVPs
T4-6 SP’s are 1/2 level inferior to the TVPs
T7-9 SP’s are 1 level inferior to the TVPs
T10-11 match T4-6
T12 matches T1-3

Spinal Orthopedics (10 decks)

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