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Spinal Orthopedics > C/s - Theory > Flashcards

C/s - Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the plane of facet joint alignment.

A

45 degrees oblique to the coronal plane (remember Anne-Marie’s arms up)

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2
Q

At what spinal level is the hyoid bone found?

A

C2-C3

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3
Q

At what spinal level is the thyroid cartilage found?

A

C4-C5

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4
Q

True or false: the AOJ is convex on concave

A

True

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5
Q

Most of the cervical spine’s rotation happens at what level?

A

C1-C2 (AAJ)

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6
Q

Between typical vertebrae, rotation occurs in the ___ direction when the neck is laterally flexed.

A

same

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7
Q

Between atypical vertebrae, translation and rotation occur in the ___ direction when the neck is laterally flexed.

A

Translation always occurs opposite to the direction of lateral flexion. Rotation occurs the opposite direction as lateral flexion between ATYPICAL vertebrae, so translation and rotation will occur in the same direction.

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8
Q

What is the function of the transverse ligament?

A

Keeps the odontoid process in contact with the anterior arch of C1

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9
Q

Injury to the transverse ligament can result in…

A

unchecked AAJ anterior translation

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10
Q

What is the function of the alar ligament?

A

checks side-to-side movements of the head

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11
Q

The alar ligament attaches from where to where?

A

from sides of the dens axis to tubercles on the medial side of the occipital condyles

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12
Q

The alar ligament is commonly injured how?

A

in whiplash patients who had their head rotated at the instant of collision

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13
Q

The transverse ligament is commonly injured most severely how?

A

Whiplash patients who had their head turned at the instant of collision

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14
Q

The PLL becomes the tectorial membrane at what level of the spine?

A

C1-C2

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15
Q

What are the expected aROM for the cervical spine?

A

Flexion 80-90 degrees
Extension 70 degrees
Lat flexion 20-45 degrees
Rotation 70-90 degrees

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16
Q

Torticollis may be of what three types?

A

acute acquired
congenital
spasmodic

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17
Q

What is the main cause of spasmodic torticollis?

A

idiopathic in 80%

iatrogenic tx of Parkinsons with levodopa

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18
Q

The cervicoencephalic area is between ___ to __ and the cervicobrachial area is between ___ to ___.

A

cervicoencephalic: C0-C2
cervicobrachial: C3-C7

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19
Q

The most amount of flex/ext of facet joints occurs between __ to __, but also __ to __ and __ to ___.

A

C5-6

but also C4-C5 and C6-C7

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20
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior dural sac, posterior annulus fibrosus, and PLL?

A

recurrent meningeal/sinuvertebral nerve

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21
Q

The facet joints are innervated by…

A

the medial branch of the dorsal primary rami

22
Q

Resting position for the neck is:

A

slightly extended

23
Q

Closed pack position of the neck is:

A

full extension

24
Q

The CPR for the cervical spine is:

A

lateral flexion & rotation equally limited with extension

25
Q

Between TYPICAL vertebrae, rotation & lateral flexion occur in the __ direction.

A

same

26
Q

Between ATYPICAL vertebrae, rotation and lateral flexion occur in the ___ direction.

A

opposite

27
Q

When testing flexion in the cervicoencephalic region of the c-spine, where would you palpate?

A

mastoid process & TVP of C1

28
Q

If lateral flexion occurs early in order to allow for full rotation, which spinal segment is probably involved?

A

C1-2

29
Q

Physiological end range is found using ___.

Anatomical end range is found using ____.

A

physiological: AROM
anatomical: PROM

30
Q

Normal end feel for pROM of all cervical spinal movements is:

A

tissue stretch

31
Q

To use passive physiological intervertebral movements, you would want to stabilize the vertebra ___ to the one in question

A

distal, usually

32
Q

Do the myotome dance for C1-C8

A 
C1/C2 - neck flexion
C3 - neck lateral flexion
C4 - shoulder elevation
C5 - shoulder abduction
C6 - elbow flexion & wrist extension
C7 - elbow extension & wrist flexion
C8 - thumb extension & ulnar deviation of hand
33
Q

Lateral neck flexion tests what two myotomes?

A

C3 & CNXI

34
Q

Shoulder elevation tests what two myotomes?

A

C4 & CNXI

35
Q

What is quadrant position for the cervical spine?

A

end range ext, lat flex & rot

36
Q

Where is the landmark for the C2-C3 TVPs?

A

level of hyoid bone

37
Q

What is the landmark for the C4-C5 TVPs?

A

level of thyroid cartilage

38
Q

The AOJ permits ___* of flex/ext combined

A

15-10*

39
Q

The AAJ permits __* of rotation in each direction (total = __) and ___ flex/ext (combined)?

A

50* rotation (100* total)

~10* flex/ext

40
Q

What is the function of the transverse ligament?

A

prevents excessive AAJ anterior translation

41
Q

What are the attachments for the transverse ligament?

A

small tubercles on medial surfaces of the lateral masses of C1

42
Q

What ligament is found within the spinal canal and becomes the tectorial membrane at C1-C2?

A

PLL

43
Q

Client says they think they pinched a nerve. They lean toward the side that hurts, and really don’t want to stretch away from it. What might it be?

A

facet joint irritation

44
Q

Client has a local area of pain in the c-spine that had sudden onset. They seem to lean to the opposite side of where the pain is. What might it be?

A

cervical meniscoid entrapment

45
Q

Left lateral flexion between C0-C2 will require ___ translation and ___ rotation.

A

R translation and R rotation

46
Q

Right rotation between C0-C2 will require __ translation and __ lateral flexion.

A

L lateral flexion and L translation

47
Q

Left rotation between C2-C7 will require __ translation and __ lateral flexion.

A

R translation and L lateral flexion

48
Q

Using Spurling’s or maximal compression test: patient has mild pain on R side when it’s the concave side and more severe pain on the R side when it’s the convex side. What might it be?

A

facet joint irritation

49
Q

Describe the end range for maximal cervical compression.

A

extension, lateral flexion & IPSILATERAL rotation

50
Q

True or false: the AOJ is the only convex on concave joint of the spine.

A

True

51
Q

Limitation of L translation in flexion but not extension would demonstrate a restriction in which quadrant?

A

left posterior

52
Q

The only convex on concave joint in the spine is the…

A

AOJ

Spinal Orthopedics (10 decks)

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